Characteristics Of Chicago Gang Gangs - 988 Words

One of the key – sacred, in some instances – characteristics of Chicago’s gangs of the 1920 was the division across ethnic lines. In other words, representatives of the same ethnic group stuck together and frowned upon the inclusion of outsiders into their gangs. Of course, larger gangs were often multiethnic, but their core was predominantly monoethnic. The same tendency prevailed across the country, as gangs in New York and Philadelphia were also increasingly homogenous. Asian triads, Italian mafia, Irish and Jewish gangs were all incestuous organizations with ethnically homogenous core. Thus, Johnny Torrio and Al Capone’s Chicago Outfit was an Italian American gang. Their rivals, the North Side Gang, were primarily individuals of Irish descent. Westside O’Donnells and Southside O’Donnells also comprised mobsters who were most often of Irish origin. Hence, most gangs were based on the perceived bonds of ethnic loyalty or on the assumption that compatriots would not sell out. This perceived truth was inculcated in the children of immigrants since childhood by their relatives and peers alike. Fisher explains that not only street gangs but also such seemingly innocuous associations as social athletic clubs in Chicago of the early 20th century were divided across ethnic lines. Neighborhood identity fueled this insularism, as ethnically diverse children groups from different neighborhoods engaged in melees with others, with the most common confrontations unfolding betweenShow MoreRelatedThe Influence of Geography and Social Networks on Gang Violence1520 Words   |  7 PagesGang violence is becoming a known threat in our country. Gang violence is defined as a group of people by repetitive socializing individuals or close friends with recognizable influence and inner coordination. These gangs will claim full control over a region in a community, town, or specific area which will lead to the involvement of violent crimes and unlawful behavior as a group or even by oneself. Since these gangs are increasing in size in communities, citizens of certain areas are beginningRead MoreViolence And Culture : A Cross Cultural And Interdisciplinary Approach By Jack David Eller1208 Words   |  5 Pagesviolence in one way or another. In the book Violence and Culture: A Cross-Cultural and Interdisciplinary Approach by Jack David Eller, the author discusses violence in American society in one of his chapters. In this chapter, he mentions some social characteristics that represents and plays a role in violence in America. The three of the four that will be discussed are gender, race, and youth. We will also notice how these four concepts often intersect with one another. This essay will prove how gender,Read MoreG angs Have A Long Negative History Essay1479 Words   |  6 PagesGangs have a long negative history. Usually joining a gang is a bad thing to do. Well depending what kind of gang it is, but most of the time it’s been viewed like a violent or a rebellion act. Gangs have had an impact in society for a long time in many different places in the world, and there are a lot of types of gangs. They impact society by increasing the rates of murders, school drop outs, and drug and alcohol abuse. There are many reasons why people join gangs. Some people might join a gangRead MoreThe Role Of Gangs On The Criminal Justice System1587 Words   |  7 PagesBrendan O’Callaghan 2/24/16 Juvenile Justice Gangs Assessed Juveniles’ participation in gangs is an ongoing issue continuing to face the Unites States of America’s criminal justice system in modern society. The first active gangs to appear within Western society were inscribed by a respected chronicler of crime in Britain 1873. Gangs first emerged into American society around 1783 as the American Revolution drew to a close. More serious street gangs, however, did not surface until the early partRead MoreSummary Of Policing Gangs In America1318 Words   |  6 PagesPolicing Gangs in America Ryne Kisslan October 7, 2017 Gangs Professor Nuno In Policing Gangs in America, Charles Katz and Vincent Webb describes every issue in American Gangs today. The ultimate goal of this book is how the gang officers work and the different kind of atmosphere they work in. Their job isn’t like other law enforcement jobs. It’s one of the more dangerous occupation in the Criminal Justice system. These gang officers focus on how they react to public gang issues.Read MoreA Research Study On An Imaginary Team Essay1373 Words   |  6 Pagespotential estimates- who are the potential ex-gang members. After the weekly reading, we can already construct a picture of the process, based, as always, on several factors, such as :race, age, gender. , which are known to us from the reading but also through the asked question. Now, we have several answers, as: our selected simple is consistent from the white males gang members of 20-25 yo, from the city of Chicago, who will decide on their gang s membership desistence. From Pyros (2013)Read MoreDelinquent Youth Subcultures1636 Words   |  7 Pagesaspects is challenging. A large amount criminal behavior of exceedingly criminal gangs, for instance, fallouts from the function of group courses rather than group standards per se. The normative characteristics of groups differ significantly, but even the most aberrant gang dedicates comparatively modest of its group life to the chase delinquent behaviors. Moreover, when gangs do take part in delinquent events, a few gang members characteristically do not get involved. Subcultures usually compriseRead MorePersonal Perception of Organized Crime787 Words   |  4 Pagesresponsible for the foundations of U.S. organized crime, which is made up of twenty-five or so Italian-dominated crime families (Lyman and Potter, 2007). Al Capone Alphonse Gabriel Al Capone born January 17, 1899, died January 25, 1947, was a Chicago American gangster who led a Prohibition-era crime syndicate. Prohibition-era was when in the United States, from 1919 and 1933, the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages banned because of the 18th Amendment. This group was committedRead More Innocent Children, Violent Gangs Essay examples1169 Words   |  5 PagesInnocent Children, Violent Gangs      Ã‚   18, 059 violent felonies, 690 deaths, and 13,000 hard-core killers. What is the horrible cause of these striking statistics? Gangs. Gangs are a problem in nearly every state and 83 percent of the largest cities in the United States. The problem of gangs and their negative impact on the communities they exist in continues to grow and nothing seems to be able to stop this powerful growth. Gangs not only exist in just inner cities anymore, but in townsRead MoreAnalysis Of Melvin Juette And Ronald J. Bergers Wheelchair Warrior1630 Words   |  7 Pagesbook, â€Å"Wheelchair Warrior,† by Melvin Juette and Ronald J. Berger, conveys how a positive mindset, self-efficacy, and support from family and friends are essential when trying to get through difficult times. Juette uses these characteristics as he transforms from being a gang member to being a world-class national athlete. The life story of Juette, contributes to the understanding of sport and society, reveals th e American notion of social differences, and portrays sport in similar ways compared to

What Really Caused The Nullification Crisis Of The South...

During the late 1820s, John C. Calhoun believed that the tariff of 1816 was responsible for the decline of the South Carolina economy. Calhoun believed that if he developed the Theory of Nullification people in his home state would view him differently. The Theory of Nullification is the idea that states (unions) have the rights to void any law that is created by the government that is seen unconstitutional. States are the foundation of the Union, so they have the power to refuse any unconstitutional laws, and really states usually have the final say. What really caused the Nullification Crisis were many series of Protective Tariffs. Protective Tariffs are taxes placed on imported goods that are from foreign countries and their duty is to raise the price of foreign goods, making them less attractive to consumers protecting them from foreign competition such as; The Tariff of 1816 that placed a 20-25 percent tax on foreign goods, The Tariff of 1824 which placed a 35 percent duty tax on imported iron, wool, hemp, and cotton, finally the Tariff of 1828 which is also known as the Tariff of Abominations it was the third protective tariff and increased taxes to almost 50 percent. European factories during 1816 were far more experienced and with that great capability American factories couldn’t compare because their factories were new, and with that major difference in prices America couldn’t compare to the Europeans. The government then decided that they should make the firstShow MoreRelatedWhat Really Caused The Nullification Crisis Of The South Carolina Economy990 Words   |  4 Pagesthe South Carolina economy. Calhoun believed that if he developed the Theory of Nullification people in his home state would view him differently. The Theory of Nullification is the idea that states (unions) have the rights to void any law that is created by the government that is seen unconstitutional. States are the foundation of the Union, so they have the power to refuse any unconstitutional laws, and really states usually have the final say. What really caused the Nullification Crisis wereRead MoreThe American Civil War1654 Words   |  7 Pagestrying to figure out what caused the bloodiest war in American history. What would cause brother to fight against brother? Could it be the Emancipation Proclamation, which was an executive order given by President Lincoln that freed the slaves in the states that had seceded. Was it the election of Abraham Lincoln in November of 1860 trigger the desire to secede from the nation? Or was it the tariffs, such as the tariff of 1816 and the Tariff of Abomination, which caused the South, thought they wereRead MoreAndrew Jackson : The Second President Of The United States Of America1733 Words   |  7 Pages Andrew Jackson, the seventh president of the United States of America, brave, tough, and mean as a snake but how did he get that way? He was born in South Carolina to his newly emigrated family. His father died soon after he was born, so his mother raised three kids by herself and some Irish immigrant farmers. When he was thirteen he and his brothers joined the Revolutionary war to fight the British. His oldest brother died in battle, but Jackson and his other brother were captured. JacksonRead MoreApush Essay -- in What Ways and to What Extent Was Industrial Development from 1800-1860 a Factor in the Relationship Between the Northern and Southern State?1434 Words   |  6 Pagesthe South in hugely different ways. The prominent differences eventually caused an amazing amount of tension between the two regions as they moved in completely separate directions. Mainly, the North and the South differentiated when it came to cultures, economies, and political views. With the dawn of the 19th century, there were three revolutions that completely altered the United States. The Market Revolution was the shift from mercantile system of trading centers to a capitalist economy, basedRead MoreAmerica s Independence Of Independence Essay2128 Words   |  9 Pagesmaking it the first diplomatic alliance in history (pg.246). The war began to move south during Sir William Howe was replaced with Sir Henry Clinton who was ordered to prepare to set an attack on Carolina and Georgia. With the support from loyalist, runaway slaves, and Cherokee the British were able to easily invaded and conquer Georgia along with Savannah. The British army was also able to conquer South Carolina with the help of two British generals Cornwallis and Clinton they were able to surroundRead MorePresidential Outline of Andrew Jackson2515 Words   |  11 Pagesfamous because of the results of the friendship between the US and Native Americans afterwards. I. South Carolina Ordinance of Nullification (1832) – As United States started to become more and more industrialized, they soon passed a highly protective tariff that infuriated the Southern States, South Carolina in particular. They felt that it benefitted the North and destroyed the South. This tariff benefitted American producers of cloth. It also shrunk demand for southern cotton, makingRead MoreHamilton vs. Jefferson: Political Philosophies of the 1800s1120 Words   |  5 Pagesinsurrection.† In Hamilton’s mind, strengthening the central government would ensure freedom for every American citizen by uniting the people to think and speak with a single voice. Hamilton had witnessed firsthand the political and economic confusion caused by states’ conflicting interests and corrupt taxation policies under the Articles of Confederation. He realized that the only way for the Union to survive and prosper was for the Federal government to take control of the country’s political and economicRead MoreThe War Of 18123664 Words   |  15 Pagessocial life. 4.Non-Intercourse Act, Macon’s Bill No.2 Thomas Jefferson replaced the Embargo Act with Non-intercourse Act by forbidding the trade between the US and Britain and France in order to harm the economies of foreign nations as a punishment for impressment. This ended up harming the US economy more because they had less resources for their exports. Macon’s Bill No.2 followed this law and revised the Non-Intercourse Act to further the plan of economic warfare, so if either country took over theRead MoreAn Agitated Presidency : What Really Influenced Andrew Jackson s Notorious Term? Essay1346 Words   |  6 PagesAn Agitated Presidency: What Really Influenced Andrew Jackson’s Notorious Term? When one thinks about the tile of First Lady of the United States, images of Jackie Kennedy, Lady Bird Johnson, and Michelle Obama begin to materialize. In today’s world, the title can be associated with the President’s wife working eloquently towards the good will of the United States either through social services, community service, and even through getting children active within our schools. Additionally, the FirstRead MoreBiography of President Andrew Jackson Essay2828 Words   |  12 Pageshistorically and while he was the leader of the country. Like many Americans during the time he was born, Andrew Jackson was born to Scottish and Irish immigrant parents on March 15, 1767. It is unclear for certain which, but Jackson was born in one of the Carolinas, which at the time were British colonies. Jackson was raised as a child of the frontier, and likewise received the type of sporadic education that most children got at the time, with formal primary education being y ears away. Jackson would become What Really Caused The Nullification Crisis Of The South... During the late 1820s, John C. Calhoun believed that the tariff of 1816 was responsible for the decline of the South Carolina economy. Calhoun believed that if he developed the Theory of Nullification people in his home state would view him differently. The Theory of Nullification is the idea that states (unions) have the rights to void any law that is created by the government that is seen unconstitutional. States are the foundation of the Union, so they have the power to refuse any unconstitutional laws, and really states usually have the final say. What really caused the Nullification Crisis were many series of Protective Tariffs. Protective Tariffs are taxes placed on imported goods that are from foreign countries and their duty is to raise the price of foreign goods, making them less attractive to consumers protecting them from foreign competition such as; The Tariff of 1816 that placed a 20-25 percent tax on foreign goods, The Tariff of 1824 which placed a 35 percent duty on i mported iron, wool, hemp, and cotton, finally the Tariff of 1828 which is also known as the Tariff of Abominations it was the third protective tariff and increased taxes to almost 50 percent. European factories during 1816 were far more experienced and with that great capability American factories couldn’t compare because their factories were new, and with that major difference in prices America couldn’t compare to the Europeans. The government then decided that they should make the firstShow MoreRelatedWhat Really Caused The Nullification Crisis Of The South Carolina Economy1238 Words   |  5 Pagesthe South Carolina economy. Calhoun believed that if he developed the Theory of Nullification people in his home state would view him differently. The Theory of Nullification is the idea that states (unions) have the rights to void any law that is created by the government that is seen unconstitutional. States are the foundation of the Union, so they have the power to re fuse any unconstitutional laws, and really states usually have the final say. What really caused the Nullification Crisis wereRead MoreThe American Civil War1654 Words   |  7 Pagestrying to figure out what caused the bloodiest war in American history. What would cause brother to fight against brother? Could it be the Emancipation Proclamation, which was an executive order given by President Lincoln that freed the slaves in the states that had seceded. Was it the election of Abraham Lincoln in November of 1860 trigger the desire to secede from the nation? Or was it the tariffs, such as the tariff of 1816 and the Tariff of Abomination, which caused the South, thought they wereRead MoreAndrew Jackson : The Second President Of The United States Of America1733 Words   |  7 Pages Andrew Jackson, the seventh president of the United States of America, brave, tough, and mean as a snake but how did he get that way? He was born in South Carolina to his newly emigrated family. His father died soon after he was born, so his mother raised three kids by herself and some Irish immigrant farmers. When he was thirteen he and his brothers joined the Revolutionary war to fight the British. His oldest brother died in battle, but Jackson and his other brother were captured. JacksonRead MoreApush Essay -- in What Ways and to What Extent Was Industrial Development from 1800-1860 a Factor in the Relationship Between the Northern and Southern State?1434 Words   |  6 Pagesthe South in hugely different ways. The prominent differences eventually caused an amazing amount of tension between the two regions as they moved in completely separate directions. Mainly, the North and the South differentiated when it came to cultures, economies, and political views. With the dawn of the 19th century, there were three revolutions that completely altered the United States. The Market Revolution was the shift from mercantile system of trading centers to a capitalist economy, basedRead MoreAmerica s Independence Of Independence Essay2128 Words   |  9 Pagesmaking it the first diplomatic alliance in history (pg.246). The war began to move south during Sir William Howe was replaced with Sir Henry Clinton who was ordered to prepare to set an attack on Carolina and Georgia. With the support from loyalist, runaway slaves, and Cherokee the British were able to easily invaded and conquer Georgia along with Savannah. The British army was also able to conquer South Carolina with the help of two British generals Cornwallis and Clinton they were able to surroundRead MorePresidential Outline of Andrew Jackson2515 Words   |  11 Pagesfamous because of the results of the friendship between the US and Native Americans afterwards. I. South Carolina Ordinance of Nullification (1832) – As United States started to become more and more industrialized, they soon passed a highly protective tariff that infuriated the Southern States, South Carolina in particular. They felt that it benefitted the North and destroyed the South. This tariff benefitted American producers of cloth. It also shrunk demand for southern cotton, makingRead MoreHamilton vs. Jefferson: Political Philosophies of the 1800s1120 Words   |  5 Pagesinsurrection.† In Hamilton’s mind, strengthening the central government would ensure freedom for every American citizen by uniting the people to think and speak with a single voice. Hamilton had witnessed firsthand the political and economic confusion caused by states’ conflicting interests and corrupt taxation policies under the Articles of Confederation. He realized that the only way for the Union to survive and prosper was for the Federal government to take control of the country’s political and economicRead MoreThe War Of 18123664 Words   |  15 Pagessocial life. 4.Non-Intercourse Act, Macon’s Bill No.2 Thomas Jefferson replaced the Embargo Act with Non-intercourse Act by forbidding the trade between the US and Britain and France in order to harm the economies of foreign nations as a punishment for impressment. This ended up harming the US economy more because they had less resources for their exports. Macon’s Bill No.2 followed this law and revised the Non-Intercourse Act to further the plan of economic warfare, so if either country took over theRead MoreAn Agitated Presidency : What Really Influenced Andrew Jackson s Notorious Term? Essay1346 Words   |  6 PagesAn Agitated Presidency: What Really Influenced Andrew Jackson’s Notorious Term? When one thinks about the tile of First Lady of the United States, images of Jackie Kennedy, Lady Bird Johnson, and Michelle Obama begin to materialize. In today’s world, the title can be associated with the President’s wife working eloquently towards the good will of the United States either through social services, community service, and even through getting children active within our schools. Additionally, the FirstRead MoreBiography of President Andrew Jackson Essay2828 Words   |  12 Pageshistorically and while he was the leader of the country. Like many Americans during the time he was born, Andrew Jackson was born to Scottish and Irish immigrant parents on March 15, 1767. It is unclear for certain which, but Jackson was born in one of the Carolinas, which at the time were British colonies. Jackson was raised as a child of the frontier, and likewise received the type of sporadic education that most children got at the time, with formal primary education being y ears away. Jackson would become

Anglo-Saxon Religious Poetry Free Essays

string(31) " can discover from his poetry\." Anglo-Saxon Religious Poetry The influence of Christianity came to England from Ireland with the arrival of St. Augustine’mission. The ancient vernacular poetry unredeemed in its worldliness and paganism was sanctified by the Christianization of England. We will write a custom essay sample on Anglo-Saxon Religious Poetry or any similar topic only for you Order Now In consequence there was a marked change in the content and emotion of English poetry while leaving it form and general technique unaltered. Instead of seeking themes common to old-Germanic the Christianized Anglo-Saxons adopted a new world of Latin Christianity along with themes and attitudes common to entire Christian world. This enabled the Anglo-Saxon poets to work on Biblical stories, associating them with Hebrew imagination. The special class of poetry which is called Christian poetry and this religious poetry flourished in about the 8th century in North England. Alliterative verse came to the aid of clerkly Latin to give expression of the faith of the Laity and make it popular. The subject of the poet’s song is now the story of Christ and the deeds of saintly heroes. Caedmon The English poet who took the first attempt to write poems on Christian themes was Caedmon. What scholars know of Caedmon’s life comes from Bede’s Ecclesiastical History of the English People. He is known best during the time fl. 658-680 AD. , and Bede tells us that he was an illiterate herdsman to a monastery of Whitby who one night in a dream learned how to sing beautiful Christian verses praising God’s name. Following his dream, Caedmon became the foremost Christian poets. Earlier he had so little gift of song that he used to leave the feast when he found the harp approaching him he used to leave the feast. One night as he lay asleep in the stable a mysterious being appeared to him in his dreams and commanded him to sing. At his bidding Caedmon at once sang in praise of the Lord, the Creator, verses which he had never heard before. When he awoke he remembered these verses and made others like them. Thus the unlettered Caedmon was miraculously transformed into the first religious poet of England. Caedmon is remembered today for his poetic paraphrases of The Bible. He paraphrased in verse the book of Geneis, Exodus, Daniel and Judith. He is supposed to have sung about  creation of the world, the origin of man, his reign, of exodus, the incarnation, the crucifixion, the resurrection of Christ, the ascension of Christ into heaven, the advent of the Holy Ghost and the teaching of the apostles. He also sang of future judgement, the horrors of hell and the joys of heaven. Research and scholarship however, no longer admit all the poems attributed to Caedmon by Bede to be directly his work excepting the nine-lined poem quoted by Bede in his account of Caedmon’s first inspiration. Genesis A and B The most interesting of the poems in the Junius Manuscript is Genesis. Genesis A of 3000 lines is an account of Satan’s rebellion against God and his fall with the angels into Hell, narrating the substance of the first 22 chapters of the Biblical book of Genesis. The poem contains an interpolated passage of 600 lines strikingly different in language and style from the main body of the poem. This has been named Genesis B, a rudimentary Paradise Lost, describing the temptation of Adam and Eve, their Fall and Satan’s rebellion Exodus It relates to the escape of the Israelites and the destruction of the Egyptians in the Red Sea. It is boldly and vigorously written and has an older Epic note. It is written more in the convention of heroic poetry rather than scriptural lore. Exodus brings a traditional â€Å"heroic style† to its biblical subject-matter. Moses is treated as a general, and military imagery pervades the battle scenes. The destruction of the Egyptians in the Red Sea is narrated in much the same way as a formulaic battle scene from other Old English poems Daniel Daniel, as it is preserved, is 764 lines long. There have been numerous arguments that there was originally more to this poem than survives today. It is a paraphrase of the first five chapters of the Biblical book of Daniel. The poet uses his materials for homiletic purposes and tries to inculcate such Christian virtue. The primary focus of the Old English author was that of The Three Youths, Daniel and their encounters with the Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar II. Prosaic in tone, it also bears an interpolatory passage relating to the poem of Azariah. Judith The finest of the poem attributed to Caedmon is Judith of which a fragment of 350 lines, survive. It is a perfect poem full of action and passion. The Old English poem â€Å"Judith† describes the beheading of Assyrian general Holofernes by Israelite Judith of Bethulia. It is found in the same manuscript as the heroic poem Beowulf, the Nowell Codex, dated ca. 975-1025. The Old English poem is one of many retellings of the Holofernes-Judith tale as it was found in the Book of Judith, still present in the Catholic and Orthodox Christian Bibles. What is certain about the origin of the poem is that it stems from the Book of Judith. After the Reformation, the Book of Judith was removed from the Protestant Bible. However, it is still present in the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Bibles. Similar to Beowulf, Judith conveys a moral tale of heroic triumph over monstrous beings. Both moral and political, the poem tells of a brave woman’s efforts to save and protect her people. Judith is depicted as an exemplar woman, grounded by ideal morale, probity, courage, and religious conviction. Judith’s character is rendered blameless and virtuous, and her beauty is praised persistently throughout the poem. Cynaewulf Beside Caedmon, the other most important Old-English religious poet is Cynaewulf. Cynewulf lived roughly c.770-840 AD, yet very little is known about his life. The only information scholars have on Cynewulf’s life is what they can discover from his poetry. You read "Anglo-Saxon Religious Poetry" in category "Papers" Two of Cynewulf’s signed poems were discovered in the Vercelli Book, which includes Cynewulf’s holy cross poem â€Å"Elene† as well as Dream of the Rood. Where many scholars will argue that all of the poems in the Vercelli are in fact Cynewulf’s, the noted German scholar Franz Dietrich demonstrates that the similarities between Cynewulf’s â€Å"Elene† and The Dream of the Rood reveals that the two must have been authored by the same individual. The four poems attributed to him trough his runic signatures are Christ. Juliana, Elene and The Fate of the Apostles. Unsigned poems attributed to him or his school are Andreas, St. Guthlac, The Phoenix, The Dream of the Rood. The four poems, like a substantial portion of Anglo-Saxon poetry, are sculpted in alliterative verse. All four poems draw upon Latin sources such as homilies and hagiographies (the lives of saints) for their content, and this is to be particularly contrasted to other Old English poems, e. g. Genesis, Exodus, and Daniel, which are drawn directly from the Bible as opposed to secondary accounts. Christ Of all his works the most important and popular poem is Christ, a fragmentary didactic poem in three parts – the first celebrating the Nativity, the second Ascension and the third Doomsday, narrating the torments of the wicked and the joys of the redeemed. Andreas and Guthlac These are poems related to lives of Saints. The first narrates the story of the adventures and sufferings and success of St. Andreas in his travels related to missionary work. Juliana and Elene These are legendary stories of St. Juliana and the discovery of the True Cross by the mother of Emperor Constantine, St. Helena. They are poems with little artistic merit except for their adventurous element and the rareness in Anglo-Saxon poetry of being dedicated to women. In terms of length, Elene is by far the longest poem of Cynewulf’s corpus at 1,321 lines. It is followed by Juliana, at 731 lines, Christ II, at 427 lines, and The Fates of the Apostles, at a brisk 122 lines. Three of the poems are â€Å"martyrolical,† in that the central character(s) in each die/suffer for their religious values. In Elene, Saint Helena endures her quest to find the Holy Cross and spread Christianity; in Juliana, the title character dies after she refuses to marry a pagan man, thus retaining her Christian integrity; in Fates of the Apostles, the speaker creates a song that meditates on the deaths of the apostles which they â€Å"joyously faced. † Elene and Juliana fit in the category of poems that depict the lives of saints. These two poems along with Andreas and Guthlac (parts A and B) constitute the only versified saints’ legends in the Old English vernacular. The Ascension (Christ II) is outside the umbrella of the other three works, and is a vehement description of a devotional subject. The exact chronology of the poems is not known. One argument asserts that Elene is likely the last of the poems because the â€Å"autobiographical† epilogue implies that Cynewulf is old at the time of composition, but this view has been doubted. Nevertheless, it seems that Christ II and Elene represent the cusp of Cynewulf’s career, while Juliana and Fates of the Apostles seem to be created by a less inspired, and perhaps less mature, poet. The Fates of the Apostles It deals with the various Christian Gospels in an Elegiac manner. It is the shortest of Cynewulf’s known canon at 122 lines long. It is a brief martyrology of the Twelve Apostles written in the standard alliterative verse. The Fates recites the key events that subsequently befell each apostle after the Ascension. It is possible that The Fates was composed as a learning aid to the monasteries. Cynewulf speaks in the first-person throughout the poem, and besides explaining the fate of each disciple, he provides â€Å"advice† and â€Å"consolation† to the reader. Cynewulf’s runic signature is scrambled in this poem so that the meaning of the runes become a riddle with no unequivocal meaning. Runic signature All four of Cynewulf’s poems contain passages where the letters of the poet’s name are woven into the text using runic symbols that also double as meaningful ideas pertinent to the text. In Juliana and Elene, the interwoven name is spelled in the more recognizable form as Cynewulf, while in Fates and Christ II it is observed without the medial e so the runic acrostic says Cynwulf. The practice of claiming authorship over one’s poems was a break from the tradition of the anonymous poet, where no composition was viewed as being owned by its creator. Cynewulf devised a tradition where authorship would connote ownership of the piece and an originality that would be respected by future generations. Furthermore, by integrating his name, Cynewulf was attempting to retain the structure and form of his poetry that would â€Å"undergo mutations† otherwise. From a different perspective, Cynewulf’s intent may not have been to claim authorship, but to â€Å"seek the prayers of others for the safety of his soul.† It is contended that Cynewulf wished to be remembered in the prayers of his audience in return for the pleasure they would derive from his poems. In a sense his expectation of a spiritual reward can be contrasted with the material reward that other poets of his time would have expected for their craft. The Phoenix The poem is about a mythical bird which burnt itself to be reborn from its own ashes, symbolic of Christian soul. The Dream of the Rood The poem is set up with the narrator having a dream. In this dream or vision he is speaking to the Cross on which Jesus was crucified. The poem itself is divided up into three separate sections. In section one, the narrator has a vision of the Cross. Initially when the dreamer sees the Cross, he notes how it is covered with gems. He is aware of how wretched he is compared to how glorious the tree is. However, he comes to see that amidst the beautiful stones it is stained with blood In section two, the Cross shares its account of Jesus’ death. The Crucifixion story is told from the perspective of the Cross. It begins with the enemy coming to cut the tree down and carrying it away. The tree learns that it is to be the bearer of a criminal, but instead the Christ comes to be crucified. The Lord and the Cross become one, and they stand together as victors, refusing to fall, taking on insurmountable pain for the sake of mankind. It is not just Christ, but the Cross as well that is pierced with nails. The Rood and Christ are one in the portrayal of the Passion—they are both pierced with nails, mocked and tortured. Then, just like with Christ, the Cross is resurrected, and adorned with gold and silver. It is honored above all trees just as Jesus is honored above all men. The Cross then charges the visionary to share all that he has seen with others. In section three, the author gives his reflections about this vision. The vision ends, and the man is left with his thoughts. He gives praise to God for what he has seen and is filled with hope for eternal life and his desire to once again be near the glorious Cross. It is the finest of religious poems in OE, the finest narrative of the Passion in medieval verse (late 7th century, later modified; preserved in the Vercelli Book). The tree of which the Cross was made relates the story the first English dream-poem How to cite Anglo-Saxon Religious Poetry, Papers

Encounters and Transformations Volume free essay sample

Objective: What is the link between food-producing revolution of the Neolithic era and the emergence of civilization? (The shift from hunting and gathering to farming and herding because it changed the way humans organized society. ) Neolithic Age: The New Stone Age (10,000-3,000 B. C. ), characterized by the development of agriculture and the use of stone tools. How do shifts in food production impact other cultural changes in a society? (It shifts the way human societies are organized. ) The Fertile Crescent was home to the world’s first farming communities. The shift from hunting and gathering to farming and herding brought a corresponding shift in human social organization. As a result of this Neolithic Revolution, the world’s first civilizations developed. Mesopotamia: Land between the Tigris Euphrates Rivers. Shifts humans from being nomadic and following migratory patterns to more stable and permanent habits. They constructed buildings of Religious and State establishments. We will write a custom essay sample on Encounters and Transformations Volume or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The act of domestication creates roles for humans (Jobs! ). Domesticating animals means humans no longer follow them, and instead use them as a function of economics (barter, labor, etc.) What gave rise to the first writing system? (The need to record information, such as business and government transactions of present and past events. ) Cuneiform: The style of writing that involved using clay tabled and reeds. Cuneiform developed first as a pictorial writing system. The earliest written records track business and tax transactions. Cuneiform was used for three thousand years, dying out in the Second Century, B. C. Cuneiform was deciphered with the aid of the Behistun inscriptions. Shifts from pictorial writing system to abstract alphabet. Checklist for Civilization: Cities Warfare Writing Social Hierarchies Advanced Arts Crafts Culture: The knowledge and adaptive behavior created by communities that help them to mediate between themselves and the natural world through time. Civilization: The term used by archaeologists to describe a society differentiated by levels of wealth and power, and in which military, religious, economic, and political control are based in cities. Early Europeans did not develop to meet the civilization checklist: Cities Warfare Social Hierarchies Writing Arts and Crafts Developed Civilizations included India, China, Central Asia, and Peru. Western Civilization developed out of Egypt and Southwest Asia. Homo sapiens sapiens: â€Å"most intelligent people†; applied to physically and intellectually modern human beings that first appeared in Africa 200,000-100,000 years ago. Southwest Asia: First food producing communities Levantine Corridor (Fertile Crescent) Zagros Mountains in Mesopotamia Anatolia (Turkey) Levantine Corridor: 25 mile strip that runs from the Jordan River Valley (modern Israel and Palestine) to Euphrates River Valley (Iraq). Levant: Eastern Mediterranean coastal region. â€Å"The Rising Sun† (French); Territory to the east, where the sun rises. Division of labor along gender lines indicates a growing complexity of social relations within the community. Fertility Death are the main concerns of ancient societies. Catal Huyuk: Anatolian town, 6,000 people. Wealthy community that relied heavily on trade in obsidian, a volcanic stone that would be used to make sharp-edged tools. The ritual of burying the dead with jewels signified a distinction between the rich and the poor. Early Europeans farmed range of crops and herded domesticated animals. They lived in clusters of permanent family farmsteads. Technology Shifts: Metallurgy (Art using fire to shape metal) The Plow Long distant networks evolved and provided basis for meeting and blending of different groups of peoples and different cultural assumptions and ideas. Technology and Wealth caused divisions between the rich and poor. Megalith: Communicable tombs with huge stones (such as Stonehenge in England). Three Possible Uses for Megaliths: Measure movement of stars. Place for religious ceremonies. Devoted to healing ceremonies.

Stages of Personality Development

Introduction Personality refers to the characteristics of an individual that sets him/her apart from other individuals when subjected to varying circumstances. The development of personality is as a result of the interaction between an individual’s genetic composition and the surrounding. Personality development begins even before birth and is influenced by many external factors.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Stages of Personality Development specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Many theories have been invented to explain the concept of personality development. This discussion explores the stages of personality development developed by Sigmund Freud and Erik Erikson. The psychoanalytic theory was developed by Sigmund Freud and dealt with the emotional development from a sexual perspective. This theory was later modified by Erik Erikson who focused on the role of social interactions in personality develo pment. Sigmund Freud’s Psychosexual Theory According to Sigmund Freud’s theory, a developing child has a particular â€Å"erogenous zones† like the anus, mouth and genitals that are sensitive at each stage. Therefore, a child focuses on what stimulates his â€Å"erogenous zones† at each stage. The needs of a child at each stage need to be met, otherwise he/she will end up getting stuck in that stage and this will affect him in adulthood. Freud came up with five stages of development which include the oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital stages (Engler, 2008). The oral stage commences when a child is born. This stage lasts for about one and half years. At this stage, the mouth is the main point of focus for the child and the child spends most of the time sucking and trying to put everything in the mouth. At this stage, the ego and superego are not yet fully developed and, therefore, the child uses the id. With time, the baby realizes that satisfaction of its needs might not occur immediately and, therefore, he/she must behave in a certain way in order to speed it up. For instance, a baby cries when he/she wants the needs to be satisfied. When a baby is weaned, he/she experiences a sense of loss and the baby realizes that he/she must not always get what he/she wants. A child whose demands are not met at this stage develops a personality of sarcasm, envy, pessimism, and suspicion. Too much or too little oral satisfaction has a negative impact. A person who gets stuck in this stage may develop habits like biting nails and chewing things like pens as an adult. Someone who does not get enough oral satisfaction at this stage may also develop habits of eating and drinking excessively. However, a child whose needs are met at this stage ends up being optimistic and admires the surrounding environment (Engler, 2008). The anal stage begins when the child is about one and half years; when he/she starts getting trained on how to use the toil et. At this stage, the child’s focus is on expelling body wastes. A child may choose either to expel or retain the waste. The way in which the parents handle this conflict determines its resolution.Advertising Looking for term paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This crisis gets resolved when the child manages to adjust to the demands of the parents and the parents handle the child reasonably. Thus, with time the child will understand the importance of being orderly and clean, and will, therefore, end up being an adult with self control. If the parents are very harsh when training the child to use the toilet, the child may choose to comply and develop a personality of orderliness. However, a child who refuses to comply with the demands of the parents ends up being disorderly in future. A child who enjoys excreting irresponsibly will end up being careless, reckless, messy, defiant, and disorganized. On t he other hand, a child who enjoys prolonging the retention of body wastes ends up being orderly, miserly, stubborn, precise, and neat. This stage lasts for around two years (Larsen and Buss, 2009). Next is the phallic stage in which the child’s attention is on the genital area. The children become aware of the differences in their bodies and that of other children of the opposite sex. At this stage the child is obsessed with the parent of the opposite sex and desires to get rid of the other one. A male child will desire to possess the mother but sees his father as a hindrance. He starts getting envious of the father who he sees as his rival in the competition for the mother’s love. However, the boy is afraid that the father might castrate him. When the boy realizes that he cannot possess the mother, he tries to be like his father so that he can win her. Therefore, he tries to acquire the characteristics of his father. Thus, he learns his male sexual role, and this mark s the resolution of the crisis. On the other hand, the female child realizes that she does not have a penis and starts longing to have one. She blames her mother for her lack of a penis and develops â€Å"penis envy†. She feels that she cannot own the mother since she does not have a penis. When she realizes that she cannot get the mother, she gets attracted to the father. The girl learns her sexual role by trying to become like the mother so as to possess the father. Thus, the conflict is resolved. Failure to resolve this conflict may lead to women having very low self esteem, a desire to prove that they are superior to men or developing habits of flirting with men. For the men, failure to overcome this stage leads to them having high aspirations and arrogance. Failure to resolve the conflicts in this stage and identify with the parent of the same sex leads to recklessness, pride, fear of close love, and conditions like homosexuality (Larsen and Buss, 2009). The next stage i s the latency period in which the child’s sexual desires remain inactive. At this stage, children focus on other activities like games, schooling, and making friendships of the same sex. This stage occurs just before puberty. Failure to overcome the conflicts in the phallic stage might affect an individual in this stage and prevent him/her from engaging in the expected activities (Larsen and Buss, 2009).Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Stages of Personality Development specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The next stage is the genital stage. At this stage, a child’s attention shifts back to the genitals and he/she starts making friendships with people from the opposite sex. At this stage, individuals try to detach themselves from parents and deal with the conflicts that were not resolved in the earlier stages. A child who resolved all the conflicts in the phallic stage will have healthy and proper relationships with the members of the opposite sex. However, a child who did not overcome the conflicts at that stage will end up having troubled relationships with the opposite sex (Larsen and Buss, 2009). Sigmund Freud’s theory has several weaknesses. Firstly, personality cannot be developed only on the basis of sexuality. Erik Erikson also does not agree on the concept of basing personality development on sexual drive alone. Moreover, the stages of development are not supported by any scientific data but on case studies. Contrary to Freud’s theory that an individual cannot have the ego and superego from an early age, studies show that these entities are evident in children earlier than at the ages he suggested (Ewen, 1998). Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory Erikson also believes that personality development occurs in stages. However, he does not agree with Sigmund Freud’s theory of psychosexual stages. He believes that personality development occurs as a result of social interaction with the environment. Through interaction with the environment, human beings develop an ego. At each stage of development, an individual is concerned with getting competent. If one manages to go through a stage successfully, their ego will be boosted and they will develop a sense of competence. However, failure to manage the stage properly will result in a feeling of insufficiency. At each stage, an individual goes through a conflict that can either build or destroy their personality (Engler, 2008). The first stage of personality development is that of trust or mistrust and occurs since a child is born up to when he/she attains the age of one year. At this stage the child is helpless and depends entirely on others to take care of him/her. The infant will develop feelings of either trust or mistrust depending on the care that he/she receives from the parents. If the people taking care of the child are able to efficiently take care of the child, he/sh e will develop trust and will always feel secure and safe. However, if the parents of the child show rejection and neglect to the child, he/she will develop mistrust and will have feelings of insecurity. This child might develop depression as a child and this may go on even in adulthood (Larsen and Buss, 2009).Advertising Looking for term paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The next stage is when the children develop as sense to control the functions of the body and a sense of autonomy. This occurs between the ages of one and three. Children begin to make choices between food, clothes and toys. During this stage, a child can either develop a personality of autonomy or that of doubt or shame. A child who exercises autonomy is always exploring the surrounding environment and trying to make new discoveries on his/her own. A child who develops feelings of doubt or shame is less confident and is less interested in exploring new surroundings. If a child successfully goes through this stage, he/she will develop feelings of security and confidence in future. Those who do not manage this stage well end up with feelings of insufficiency and doubt all their lives (Newman and Newman, 2007). Before children begin going to school, they go through another stage where they can develop feelings of either initiative or guilt. This is usually between ages three and six. At this stage the children develop their personality by interacting with others through playing and other activities. Those who develop feelings of initiative will tend to perform tasks to completion. However, children who develop a sense of guilt will be reluctant to express themselves and their interests and unwilling to try out challenging tasks. If a child manages through this stage, they will develop feelings of capability and a sense of leadership. Those who do not successfully go through this stage will end up feeling guilty, doubtful of their abilities, and devoid of inventiveness (Loevinger, 1997). Between the age of five to eleven years, children go through a stage of industry or inferiority. Through interacting with others, children begin to take pride in their achievements and talents. Children who develop feelings of industry like taking responsibilities because they believe in their abilities. On the other hand, children who develop feelings of inferiority at this stag e hate responsibilities because they doubt their ability in completing those assignments satisfactorily. The parents, teachers, and other people can contribute to the development of feelings of either inferiority or industry. If children receive encouragement from their teachers and parents because of their abilities and achievements, they will develop feelings of proficiency and confidence in their abilities. However, those who do not receive any support from teachers or parents end up doubting their capability to succeed in life (Loevinger, 1997). The next stage occurs during adolescence and individuals can either develop a sense of identity or confusion. This happens between ages 12 to 18. Individuals who feel a sense of identity will have a sense of direction in life and will be very sure about what they would like to become in life. For this reason, they go through this stage with their minds focused on achieving that purpose and their self esteem will be high. However, individ uals who feel a sense of confusion will lead a life devoid of purpose or direction and will not be sure about what they want to become in life. Such individuals will not be aiming to achieve any goals in life and will be leading a life without any future plans. These individuals’ self esteem is likely to be low. At this stage, individuals discover themselves and if they get sufficient support, they develop a good sense of independence, self consciousness, and control. Those who do not successfully go through this stage will end up being unsure about their lives and will remain confused and insecure in future (Loevinger, 1997). The next stage is early adulthood, between 18 to 35 years, where individuals start developing personal relationships. At this stage, people can either develop a sense of intimacy or that of isolation. People who manage to develop healthy relationships at this stage end up having secure and committed relationships in future. These individuals will be abl e to form stable relationships that can end up in marriage. However, those who fail at this stage end up having poor relationships and feelings of loneliness, depression, and isolation. Such people will have very few friends and will find it difficult to be involved in serious relationships that could lead to marriage (Larsen and Buss, 2009). When an individual enters adulthood, he/she can either develop a personality of generativity or stagnation. During this stage, people build their families and careers. A person who develops feelings of generativity will tend to be involved in some sort of productive work and will have an attitude of helping others. An individual who experiences stagnation will not be engaged in productive work and will be reluctant to help others. People who are successful in their careers and family life will end up feeling productive since they are contributing to the society. However, those who do not succeed in their careers and family life will end up feel ing fruitless and unproductive in life (Larsen and Buss, 2009). The final stage of personality development according to Erikson occurs in old age. In this stage, individuals look back at how they have lived through their lives and may develop feelings of either despair or integrity. Individuals who look at their life and feel that they have accomplished their purpose develop feelings of honor and satisfaction and will have few or no regrets. As they near their death, they feel at peace and feel that they have accomplished everything that they ever wanted to. Therefore, they do not fear to die as there is nothing that they would wish to change if they were given another chance. They are absolutely contented with the way they lived their lives. On the other hand, people who at this stage look back and feel that they have wasted their lives and have not accomplished their dreams will have regrets. They will wish that they had lived their lives differently. Consequently, they will end u p feeling bitter and desperate. They may develop a feeling that life is worthless. These people also fear death as they wish for another chance or more time to live so that they can do things differently and correct the mistakes that they made in the past (Loevinger, 1997). Even though Erikson’s theory of personality development has enhanced people’s understanding of social development, it has some weaknesses. The theory is unclear and does not state the real causes of personality development. It does not give a clear explanation about the factors that make individuals to develop in various ways and the impact of each stage on an individual’s personality. The theory also does not clearly explain the method of overcoming the crises at each stage and moving on to the next. It also does not state what an individual is supposed to do in order to successfully go through the problems experienced at each stage (Newman and Newman, 2007). Moreover, all the stages do not match with the stages that all individuals go through in life. In some cultures, there is very little time between childhood and adulthood to discover one’s identity since the individuals are married off at an early age. In other communities, an individual has no freedom to make choices as most of them are made by the parents, for instance, choice of career or marriage partner (Newman and Newman, 2007). Conclusion From the above discussion, it is clear that many theories have been invented to explain the stages that individuals go through in developing their personalities. Sigmund Freud felt that an individual goes through five stages that are influenced by the sexual drive. On the other hand, Erik Erikson differed with Freud’s theory and invented eight stages of personality development that are influenced by the interaction of an individual with the surrounding. However, both theories have their shortcomings and have been criticized by other people. Both theories of p ersonality development might differ but at least the two agree on some things; like the fact that personality does not develop at once but over time and in distinct stages. Reference List Engler, B. (2008). Personality Theories: An Introduction (8th ed.). Boston: Houghton Mifflin. Ewen, R. B. (1998). Personality, a Topical Approach: Theories, Research, Major Controversies, and Emerging Findings. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Larsen, R.J., and Buss, D. M. (2009). Personality Psychology: Domains of Knowledge about Human Nature (4th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. Loevinger, J. (1997). Stages of personality development. Handbook of personality psychology, (pp. 199-208). Newman, B.M., and Newman, P.R. (2007). Theories of Human Development. USA: Routledge. This term paper on Stages of Personality Development was written and submitted by user Jul1us to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Eastern Coral Snake Facts

Eastern Coral Snake Facts The eastern coral snake (Micrurus fulvius) is a highly venomous snake found in the southeastern United States. Eastern coral snakes are brightly colored with rings of red, black, and yellow scales. Folk rhymes to remember the difference between the coral snake and the nonvenomous king snake (Lampropeltis  sp.) include red on yellow kills a fellow, red on black venom lack and red touching black, friend of Jack; red touching yellow, youre a dead fellow. However, these mnemonics are unreliable because of differences between individual snakes and because other species of coral snakes do have adjoining red and black bands. Fast Facts: Eastern Coral Snake Scientific Name: Micrurus fulviusCommon Names: Eastern coral snake, common coral snake, American cobra, harlequin coral snake, thunder-and-lightning snakeBasic Animal Group: ReptileSize: 18-30 inchesLifespan: 7 yearsDiet: CarnivoreHabitat: Southeastern United StatesPopulation: 100,000Conservation Status: Least Concern Description Coral snakes are related to cobras, sea snakes, and mambas (family Elapidae). Like these snakes, they have round pupils and lack heat-sensing pits. Coral snakes have small, fixed fangs. The eastern coral snake is medium-sized and slender, generally ranging between 18 and 30 inches in length. The longest reported specimen was 48 inches. Mature females are longer than males, but males have longer tails. The snakes have smooth dorsal scales in a colored ring pattern of wide red and black rings separated by narrow yellow rings. Eastern coral snakes always have black heads. The narrow heads are nearly indistinguishable from the tails. Habitat and Distribution The eastern coral snake lives in the United States from coastal North Carolina to the tip of Florida and west into eastern Louisiana. The snakes prefer the coastal plains, but also inhabit wooded areas further inland that are subject to seasonal flooding. A few snakes have been documented as far north as Kentucky. Also, there is controversy regarding whether the Texas coral snake (which extends into Mexico) is the same species as the eastern coral snake. Coral snake species and range in the United States. HowardMorland, public domain Diet and Behavior Eastern coral snakes are carnivores that prey upon frogs, lizards, and snakes (including other coral snakes). The snakes spend most of their time underground, usually venturing out to hunt in the cooler dawn and dusk hours. When a coral snake is threatened, it elevates and curls the tip of its tail and may fart, releasing gas from its cloaca to startle potential predators. The species is not aggressive. Reproduction and Offspring Because the species is so secretive, relatively little is known about coral snake reproduction. Eastern coral snake females lay between 3 and 12 eggs in June that hatch in September. The young range from 7 to 9 inches at birth and are venomous. The life expectancy of wild coral snakes is unknown, but the animal lives about 7 years in captivity. Conservation Status The IUCN classifies eastern coral snake conservation status as least concern. A 2004 survey estimated the adult population at 100,000 snakes. Researchers believe the population is stable or perhaps slowly declining. Threats include motor vehicles, habitat loss and degradation from residential and commercial development, and issues with invasive species. For example, coral snake numbers declined in Alabama when the fire ant was introduced and preyed upon eggs and young snakes. Venom and Bites The Mexican kingsnake is a nonvenomous snake that resembles the eastern coral snake. Paul Starosta, Getty Images Coral snake venom is a potent neurotoxin. A single snake has enough venom to kill five adults, but the snake cannot deliver all of its venom at once plus envenomation only occurs in about 40% of bites. Even then, bites and fatalities are extremely rare. The most common cause of snakebite comes from mistaking a coral snake for a similarly-colored nonvenomous snake. Only one death has been reported since the antivenin became available in the 1960s (in 2006, confirmed in 2009). Since then, coral snake antivenin production has been discontinued due to lack of profitability. An eastern coral snake bite may be painless. Symptoms develop between 2 and 13 hours after the bite and include progressive weakness, facial nerve palsy, and respiratory failure. Since antivenin is no longer available, treatment consists of respiratory support, wound care, and antibiotic administration to prevent infection. Pets are more likely than humans to get bitten by coral snakes. They often survive if given prompt veterinary care. Sources Campbell, Jonathan A.; Lamar, William W. The Venomous Reptiles of the Western Hemisphere. Ithaca and London: Comstock Publishing Associates (2004). ISBN 0-8014-4141-2.Davidson, Terence M. and Jessica Eisner. United States Coral Snakes. Wilderness and Environmental Medicine, 1,38-45 (1996).Derene, Glenn. Why Snakebites Are About to Get a Lot More Deadly. Popular Mechanics (May 10, 2010).Hammerson, G.A. Micrurus fulvius. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2007: e.T64025A12737582. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2007.RLTS.T64025A12737582.enNorris, Robert L.; Pfalzgraf, Robert R.; Laing, Gavin. Death following coral snake bite in the United States – First documented case (with ELISA confirmation of envenomation) in over 40 years. Toxicon. 53 (6): 693–697 (March 2009). doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.01.032

Women in Policing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Women in Policing - Research Paper Example Their only source of help was from the temperance leaders, progressive era reformers, social workers, and social hygienist (Archbold &Schulz, 2012). With time, the number of women and their role in law enforcement increased. This was evident in the World War II. However, the gains were affected by the economic downturn experienced in the first half of the 20th century. However, there was more hope for women in the second half of the century (Archbold &Schulz, 2012). In the 1960s, women surfaced from their traditional roles to become patrol officers (Archbold &Schulz, 2012). At this period, there was more concern about their safety and that of their colleagues. The focus now shifted on how women policing styles would be different from men and whether they might change the nature of the police organization (Archbold &Schulz, 2012). Currently, women have been assigned roles similar to male officers within police departments. Today, women comprise 11.9 percent of all sworn position in po lice agencies, in various parts of United States (Langton, 2010). The history of women in policing begins in the last half of 19th century. In this period, women were hired to protect and administer to women and juveniles in prison. New York was the first city to hire two women in 1845. Women worked as matrons in the city’s two jails (National Center for Women and Policing, 2013). This was after a comprehensive campaign by the American Female Moral Reform Society for the creation of matron position. Their hope was that police would find it prudent to hire matrons for the police stations. However, this was not the case, and the idea received opposition from the police department. One of the notable women in the era was Mary Owens. Owens received the rank of a police officer from the Chicago Police Department in 193 (National Center for Women and Policing, 2013). She gained this position due to the death of her husband who had been an officer for the

Boeing Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Boeing - Case Study Example There were a lot of apprehensions among the directors as the company had not enough experience of developing a plane of their own. Project Uncertainty and Risk Management, the project management was not effective in Boeing 767 program, is the first weakness. Since the company did not have any past experience of cockpit design for two persons, it resulted in many difficulties in the successful execution of the final product. There should have been a through analysis of design before getting the final approval. Another weakness was that the geographic locations of production were also not considered. This hence became a major weakness as the transportation of parts was important on time. Time also became critical also due to the change in the design of cockpit. The strength was that the conversion of conversion from two-person to three person cockpit, which a very big risk was handled very intelligently. First strength was that the delivery of the planes was just one month delayed. This conversion also raised project uncertainty concern. As the parts were designed for two person cockpit and payments were already made. The strength of project management was that it was decided that modification experts will fix this problem once parts are installed. This resulted in minimization of the risk of production disruption. Hence the project uncertainty arising from risk was avoided. This made the design of new cockpit more adaptable to changes. In terms of quality managements another weakness aroused due to this conversion for space. This risk seemed to disrupt the modification of the thirty planes which were almost ready and were also ready to be flown. However, many managers opposed this approach as it violated the fire control systems and may result in working environment without fire system for some time till the new system gets installed again (Shaw, 1999). Another weakness in terms of quality was about the modification in production. Until all drawing and parts were available, cockpit work was delayed for two-crew models, and also demanded the alteration in the test procedure. Testing of each system sequentially when it became operational was not possible then. Furthermore another weakness which reinforced this weakness was that functional testing was done after complete installation of two-person cockpit. Hence the delay in problem detection and correction became another big weakness in terms of quality assurance. This gave chances for some errors and problem to be overlooked from one stage of installation to other. However, the strength of this program with regard to the quality management was that parts installation was done only once and there were no subsequent removal hence the configuration was secured. This reduces the effort cost that might have incurred if parts were removed one after the

New look on Globalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

New look on Globalization - Essay Example New look on Globalization Globalization as a process is looked from a broad perspective. It had come about due to the continuous strong influence by the economy worldwide, social and cultural aspects weighing out the national and regional processes (Beck, 2000). This process is not new. It has historical roots running deep. However, a change in the world in the form of space and time due to the revolution in communication and information signifies a qualitative breakthrough from the past. Globalization has therefore greatly underway globally (Mittelman, 2000). The support got a high rate of change in technology, by price, trade liberation, and through growing advantages of supranational rules, exposing national economies to an intensive competition. Globalization has therefore been seen as being caused by a change in the views of the world, products, ideas, and cultural aspects (Weinstein, 2005). Transportation and telecommunication advancement, including telegram and internet development are all main factors of globalization, forming more interdependence of cultural activities and economy. From the advancement achieved by the countries nationally and internationally, I view globalization as something with historical background, evolving culturally and economically, forming ancient, early modern and late modern stages. Beck (2000) is one of the people who have talked extensively on this concept of globalization, and he argues that globalization is a process that existed many years ago, and it began with the voyages of Vasco Da Gama.

An Introduction to Mayanmar

An Introduction to Mayanmar Myanmar is located in Southeast Asia, bordered by Bangladesh on the west, India on the northwest, China on the northeast, Laos and Thailand on the east, the Andaman Sea on the south, and the Bay of Bengal on the southwest. It has a land area of 678, 500 square kilometers and, as such, is the largest mainland Southeast Asian country and the second largest in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) after Indonesia. There are two ecological niches in the country: (1) the lowland central plains, which lie between the Irrawaddy and Salween Rivers in the center of the country and are occupied by the dominant Burmans and (2) the highlands surrounding the plains, which are primarily inhabited by minority groups such as the Shans, Kachin, Karen, and Chin. The lowland plains are dominated by a monsoon climate of rain from June to October, a cool interlude for a month or two, and then a hot, dry period lasting until the rains return. The mountainous regions experience the same general seasonal fluctuations with slightly cooler temperatures. Temperature could reach 38ÂÂ °C between May and October and fall to 20ÂÂ °C between December and February. History and Key Events The Mon and Pyu peoples are reported to be the first inhabitants in the area. The arrival of the Mon people, who migrated to Southeast Asia from the north is said to have occurred in the ninth century B.C.E. The first Pyu city-state, Beikthano, was established during the first century C.E. but in 832 C.E. the final Pyu city-state, Sri Ksetra, falls to the Nanzhao kingdom of China. In 1044, the Burman kingdom of Pagan was founded but experienced invasions by the Mongols in 1287 B.C.E. Pagan declined and new centers of power were located at Pinya, Sagaing, and Ava. With the arrival of the British colonizers, a series of war followed. The first Anglo-Burmese War occurred between 1824-1826. The second Anglo-Burmese War in 1852 resulted to the expansion of the British territory. As a consequence of the third Anglo-Burmese War in 1883, Burman territories along with that of the neighboring minority groups became part of British India. Burmese nationalism emerged with the establishment of the Young Mens Buddhist association in 1906. They opened a number of schools dedicated to raising the cultural and educational levels of Burmans, so they can compete with Indians for jobs in the colonial government. Strikes against British colonial rule followed. Burma was separated fromfrnhtfcnfnhgbvf India in 1937 but it was soon followed the Japanese occupation. In 1948, Burma gained independence. A military coup in 1962 placed Ne Win in power. Since then, the country had intermittently been under military rule. The government ignored the election victory by the opposition party, the National League for Democracy and its leader, Daw Aung San Suu Kyi was imprisoned. On July 23, 1997, Myanmar joined ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations). Adminstrative changes were made in March 2006. Nay Pyi Daw became the new administrative capital. However, in 2007, the country remained impoverished and huge fuel price increases sparked protests, later dubbed the saffron revolution after the robes of monks who also joined in. On November 7, 2010, Myanmar held its elections in accordance with the new constitution that was approved in the referendum in 2008. As part of Myanmars Roadmap to Democracy, Suu Kyis was released from house arrest and detention after 14 years on November 2010. Culture and Society The Pyu and Mon were the earliest inhabitants of the area. Under the 1974 Constitution, the political map demarcated ethnic minority states Chin, Karen (Kayin), Kayah, Mon, Rakhine and Shan and seven divisions where Burmans are in the majority. Myanmar has around 135 linguistic sub-groups from 13 ethnic families. Total population as of July 2010 is estimated at 53, 414, 374. In terms of age structure, 25.3 percent are below 14 years old; 69.3 percent are between 15-64 years old; and 5.4 percent are 65 years and above. The median age is 26 years old and life expectancy is 64.23 years. The population is expected to grow at a rate of 1.096 percent. In terms of literarcy, 89.9 percent of the population age 15 and above are capable of reading and writing. Burmese is the official language. It belongs to the Sino-Tibetan group of languages and is spoken by the majority of the population. Likewise, around 15 percent of the population speak Shan and Karen. English is spoken mainly in large cities and among educated social groups. Majority of the population, 89 percent, are Buddhists. 4 percent are Christians, 4 percent are Muslims, 1 percent are animist and the remaining 2 percent belongs to other local religious groups. Some of the indigenous people in the hill areas, who followed various types of shamanistic rituals in the precolonial era, were converted to Christianity in the nineteenth and twentieth century. Pagan, which is said to be the birthplace of Burmese culture, is the place where the first Burmese empire was founded. This is where the newcomers from the Indo-Chinese plateau first wrote their language and where the Burmese first received the teachings of Buddha. Furthermore, the Ananda temple serves as a monument to the great civilization of Pagan. This cave-type temple was built by King Kyanzittha in 1090. Tourist would come for the Ananda temple festival which falls on the full moon of Pyatho as up to a thousand monks chant day and night during the three days of the festival. Government The Republic of the Union of Myanmar was previously known as the Union of Myanmar or the Union of Burma. Myanmar had been under military rule since 1962. The administrative capital was moved on November 6, 2005 from Yangon, the countrys economic hub. After more than two decades, election were held on November 7, 2010. The parliament was convened in February 2011 and former Prime Minister Thein Sein was sworn into office as president on March 30, 2011. The event marked the end of the junta that ruled the country for decades. Tin Myint Oo and Sai Muak Kham will serve as vice presidents. 30 ministers and 39 deputy ministers were also appointed by the president to his government. The legislature is bicameral, which comprise the House of Nationalities (Amyotha Hluttaw) and the House of Representatives (Pythu Hluttaw). Military forces was estimated at 375,500 in 2006, making it one of largest military in Asia after China and India. The military, that uses Chinese technology, is given a hug e portion of the national budget. comprise Economy Myanmars economy is heavily centered on agricultural processing. Major agricultural products are rice, pulses, beans, sesame, groundnuts, and sugarcane. Other industries include wood products; copper, tin, tungsten, iron; cement, construction materials; pharmaceuticals; fertilizer; oil and natural gas; garments, jade and gems. Total exports (which primarily include natural gas, wood products, pulses, beans, fish, rice, clothing, jade and gems) were $6.862 billion in 2009. Major export partners were Thailand (46 percent), India (19 percent), China (9 percent), and Japan (6 percent). On the other hand, total exports (which primarily include fabric, petroleum products, fertilizer, plastics, machinery, transport equipment; cement, construction materials, crude oil; food products, edible oil) were $4.02 billion in 2009. Major export partners were China (33 percent), Thailand (26 percent), and Singapore (15 percent). Myanmar is also heavily dependent on official development assistance (ODA s) in keeping its economy afloat. Foreign Relations CURRENT ISSUES: Thailand Karen and other ethnic refugees, asylum seekers, and rebels, as well as illegal cross-border activities from Burma the feasibility of jointly constructing the Hatgyi Dam on the Salween River near the border with Burma; citing environmental, cultural, and social concerns, China reconsidering construction of 13 dams on the Salween River but energy-starved Burma with backing from Thailand remains intent on building five hydro-electric dams downstream, despite identical regional and international protests India seeks cooperation from Burma to keep Indian Nagaland separatists, such as the United Liberation Front of Assam, from hiding in remote Burmese Uplands; Bangladesh after 21 years, in January 2008, it resumed talks with Burma on delimiting a maritime boundary AUSTRALIA Current Australian policy toward Burma is tightly targeted with respect to both humanitarian aid and financial sanctions imposed on named individuals who form, or are connected to, its ruling military regime. Australia is well placed to initiate a number of diplomatic actions on Burma, including supporting a United Nations Security Council-imposed arms embargo. Sanctions The Australian governments current policy toward the Burmese regime is best described as targeted, incorporating a combination of sanctions applied to specifically named individuals and activities, and expenditures allocated to specific purposes and projects while eschewing broad-based restrictions on trade and investment. Diplomatic Initiatives Australia co-sponsored a resolution on human rights in Burma at the March 2009 session of the UN Human Rights Council in Geneva. In November 2008, Australia co-sponsored a resolution on human rights in Burma in the Third Committee of the UN General Assembly. Humanitarian Assistance The Australian government provides humanitarian assistance to the Burmese people, with a focus on women and children, ethnic minorities, and displaced persons and refugees on the Thailand-Burma and Bangladesh-Burma borders. CHINA In 1949, Myanmar became the first noncommunist country to officially recognize the newly established Peoples Republic of China. China has become an important partner for Myanmar in trade, economic assistance, and investment. In 2008, bilateral trade reached US$2.63 billion, increasing 26.4% compared to the year before. In fiscal year 2008-2009, Chinas investment in Myanmar was US$856 million, which ranked first among the investors in Myanmar that year. According to a recent report prepared by the International Crisis Group, China may be able to extract minor concessions, but these have never led to fundamental changes in Myanmar. China could not stop the conflict between the Myanmar army and the Kokang cease-fire group. That conflict forced an estimated 30,000 Kokang and Chinese to flee from Myanmar into Chinas Yunnan Province, and the Chinese Foreign Ministry noted that the conflict harmed the rights and interests of Chinese citizens living [in Yunnan]. The report also said that Chinas influence is limited by the Tatmadaw governments profound distrust of China and its anxiety about domination by China (which will not occur). Bilateral relations between China and Myanmar are nevertheless on a stable base, and dialogue between the two countries is frequent. On September 28, 2009, for example, General Tin Aung Myint Oo, first secretary of the Myanmar government, attended a reception in honor of the sixtieth anniversary of the Peoples Republic of China in Rangoon along with Lieutenant General Myint Swe, the chief of the Bureau of Special Operations-5, which oversees the Rangoon Regional Military Command, and other senior officials. JAPAN The chief aim of the Japanese governments policy toward Myanmar is to encourage the government and the people of Myanmar to move in the direction of political democratization and economic development. Japan assists Myanmar in economic development, recognizing the necessity and urgency of enhancing the welfare of the people as well as the geo-economic importance of the country as a link between South Asia and Southeast Asia. In the context of economic cooperation, Japan has provided grant and technical assistance, although yen-denominated loans have been suspended since 1988. The purpose of this assistance has been mainly to improve humanitarian conditions through medical and health care, school construction, and education. The allocation of financial resources has been decided on a case-by-case basis, taking into account improvements in the human rights situation and the progress of political democratization. PHILIPPINES Areas in which specific Philippine policies could be directed: Providing assistance in education modernization programs, including provisions for liberal arts and humanities. Working within ASEAN to provide the basis for political reform in Burma/Myanmar by making use of provisions in the ASEAN Charter that promote respect for democracy and human rights and in the ASEAN Political and Security Community that urge the sharing of values and norms in the region. Initiating exchange visits by young people on a bilateral basis between Burma/Myanmar and the Philippines, including formal exchanges through training programs for young bureaucrats (e.g., the Foreign Service Officer cadet program in the Philippines). Initiating cultural exchanges between the two countries. ASEAN ASEAN functions according to consensus decisions, it is unlikely to serve as anything more than a structure for managing economic relations, and it cannot overcome the reluctance of India and China to do anything that would adversely affect their economic interests in Burma/Myanmar. ASEANs Stand on Myanmar Defended the membership of Myanmar in ASEAN Opposed any discrimination directed at Myanmar in ASEANs external relations and cooperation with any dialogue partner or other external party Continued to support Myanmars quest to join Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation as soon as the moratorium on organization membership is lifted Supported Myanmars joining the annual ASEAN-Europe Meeting starting from the fifth meeting in Hanoi in October 2004 Encouraged and supported dialogue and cooperation among all parties concerned with achieving peaceful resolution to the political problems and national reconciliation in Myanmar Supported the prompt implementation of Myanmars seven-step roadmap to democracy, as expressed, in particular, at the 2003 ASEAN Summit in Bali Encouraged Myanmar to keep fellow ASEAN member states fully informed of progress as well as setbacks in implementing various measures in the roadmap Supported the ASEAN chair when interacting with Myanmar Supported the good offices of the UN secretary-general and his special envoy to Myanmar Support capacity building for the Myanmar government, including attachment to and training at the ASEAN Secretariat, as well as recruitment of Myanmar nationals to work in the ASEAN Secretariat. Take an active leadership role in mobilizing ASEAN and international support for the operations to provide humanitarian assistance to survivors of Cyclone Nargis, under the Tripartite Core Group of ASEAN, the United Nations, and Myanmar

Love Wasnt :: essays research papers fc

Love Wasn’t   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Love is sacrifice of one’s self for the people you care about most in your life. Love is a choice to do what is best for another person. There are times when choosing to love someone comes at a great cost. You have to sacrifice something; time, money, energy, and sometimes the supreme cost will be giving up your own life so that someone else can live. When it really costs you something to carry on in a relationship or to help someone, that is the real test to find out if you truly love that person. If you bail out, you have just proved that you love yourself more than the person who needs your help. If you do what is best for the other person even though it is difficult for you, then you have discovered real love, a love that you choose to exercise regardless of how you feel. I feel like Louise loved him in the beginning of their relationship, however, over time she was only comfortable being with him. Staying together was easier than being alone. So when she found out about his death, and that it was not her fault, she could be free without taking any blame. According to Joseph Rosenblum, â€Å"nothing can compensate Louise for the freedom that she has lost by marrying. Her face â€Å"bespoke repression†; no matter how kind Brentley has been, he has still imposed his will upon his wife. Hence, Brentley’s death is not tragic to her, since it gives her own life back to her† (Rosenblum par 7) The story states that she had loved him some of the time, which I believe if not all the time, then love did not exist throughout most of their marriage. When Louise whispered free over and over, she exhibited the fact that her life would be lived without the constant controlling of her husband. I think that since being diagnosed with heart trouble, maybe Brently must have been a little forceful with Louise to make sure she would not get worse. He could have imposed rules that she must abide by in order to prevent her from getting worse, such as, staying in bed, confining her to the house, and keeping her from doing things she enjoyed doing. Her freedom could be doing all the things he would not allow. Rosenblum supports this freedom with this passage:

The Nature of Evil in William Shakespeare’s Hamlet

Society has been preoccupied by the concept of good and evil since the emergence of civilization and, just as humankind has evolved over time, so has the definition of evil. Evil was first used to describe someone who placed themselves above others and it wasn't until the Old and Middle English period that evil became associated with wrong-doing. As time passed, the definition continued to become increasingly more specific until it reached its modern day definition: â€Å"extreme moral wickedness. (www. etymonline. com/index. php? term=evil) However, what one ultimately defines as evil depends on one's personal experiences, frame of reference, and culture. For instance, during World War II, the Americans believed that dropping an atomic bomb on Hiroshima was an act of good as it ended conflict with the Japanese. On the other hand, the Japanese viewed it as an act of evil as the bombings resulted in the deaths of thousands of people.This proves that good and evil cannot always be see n as simply black or white, but also as shades of grey making it difficult to label characters in various literary works, especially those of William Shakespeare. The ambiguity of evil in William Shakespeare's Hamlet forces spectators to interpret each character's thoughts, actions, and personality in order to place them properly on the gradient of evil. Regardless of one's personal idea of evil, Claudius can be seen as a villain from many standpoints.He constantly performs actions with malicious intent and expresses true love only for himself. The first and most important act that Claudius commits is the murder of his own brother, which he does to obtain the crown of Denmark, as described by King Hamlet's ghost: Now, Hamlet, hear. ‘Tis given out that, sleeping in my orchard, A serpent stung me – so the whole ear of Denmark Is by a forged process of my death Rankly abus'd – but know, thou noble youth, The serpent that did sting thy father's life Now wears his cro wn. (I. v. 34-40)The ghost's speech shows the true nature of Claudius' evil as he allows himself to kill his own brother. However, this is not to say that Claudius does not understand the nature of his sins. Following ‘The Murder of Gonzago', a test of his conscience set up by Hamlet, Claudius feels overwhelmed with guilt and self disgust; he attempts to repent for his sins and expresses that he realizes the magnitude of what he has done: O, my offence is rank, it smells to heaven; It hath the primal eldest curse upon't– A brother's murder. (III. iii. 37-39)This is the first and only time that the readers or spectators see Claudius acting as a normal human being and showing or recognizing his emotions. This is very important as many people believe that repentance leads to mercy. However, Claudius finds himself unable to properly do so as he comes to realize that he does not feel remorse for what he has done since he continues to reap the rewards of his deed: Pray can I not, Though inclination be as sharp as will, My stronger guilt defeats my strong intent†¦ My fault is past – but O, what form of prayerCan serve my turn? ‘Forgive me my foul murder? ‘ That cannot be, since I am still possess'd Of those effects for which I did the murder– My crown, mine own ambition, and my queen. †¦ My words fly up, my thoughts remain below. Words without thoughts never to heaven go. (III. iii. 36-40, 51-55, 97-98) If Claudius had successfully repented for his sins, he would no longer be labelled as an evil character. He is, however, unable to do so. Despite Claudius' callousness, the fact that he even attempts to repent is honourable.However, by continuing to manipulate, destroy, and murder he voids any chance of forgiveness. He uses his â€Å"son† as a scapegoat by focusing all of the negative attention on him and thus avoids negative attention himself, marries his brother's widow, turns Hamlet's childhood friends against him, and ultimately causes the deaths of all the main characters in the play. He uses his charm and political power to unleash increasing amounts of chaos proving that, â€Å"One may smile, and smile, and be a villain! † (I. v. 07) In the end, it is Claudius who is responsible for trapping otherwise innocent characters in a chain of deception, deceit, and destruction which is escapable only by death. Hamlet is the primary victim of Claudius' malevolent deeds, causing a dramatic shift in his nature. He becomes a slave to misfortune and feels the need to right the wrongs in his life, specifically the murder of his father. Upon hearing the truth about the nature of his father's death, Hamlet becomes a vital part in the cyclical pattern of evil as he vows to take revenge on his uncle, Claudius: Haste me to know't, that I with wings as swiftAs meditation or the thoughts of love May sweep me to my revenge. (I. v. 29-31) Although Hamlet is â€Å"a victim† of Claudius' deeds, the reader is unable to sustain any feeling of heightened pathos once he seeks justice by exacting revenge. However, one must take into consideration the common thought processes of the time. It wasn't until recently that society began to view retributive justice as unacceptable and morally wrong. Therefore, Hamlet would have been justified in his attempts to get revenge for his father's murder.In addition, getting revenge gives Hamlet no personal gain except the redemption of his father's name, while Claudius kills with power in mind. Furthermore, Claudius is responsible for the death of an innocent while Hamlet is only concerned with killing those who are guilty, particularly his uncle. Hamlet even takes precautions, such as arranging the performance of ‘The Murder of Gonzago', to prove his suspicions and keep a clean conscience: I'll have groundsMore relative than this—the play's the thingWherein I'll catch the conscience of the King. II. ii. 603-605) By trying to f igure out whether or not Claudius is guilty, Hamlet shows that he is trying to cause the least damage possible and does not want to kill those who do not deserve it. A truly evil person would not care whether or not their victim was innocent, as is the case with Claudius. Unfortunately, Hamlet becomes tangled up in his thoughts and emotions and causes more problems than he intends to; primarly when Hamlet and his mother are talking and Hamlet attacks Polonius who is hiding behind an arras.The attack kills Polonius, who Hamlet initially thought was Claudius. While some may consider this to be evil, Hamlet recognizes the event as a tragic accident: A bloody deed. Almost as bad, good mother, As kill a king and marry with his brother†¦ Thou wretched, rash intruding fool, farewell. I took thee for thy better. Take thy fortune. (III. iv. 28-29, 31-32) By comparing the murder of Polonius to the murder of his father, Hamlet acknowledges that what he has done is wrong but unfortunately this does not allow him to escape the repercussions which follow.Killing Polonius is the biggest mistake that Hamlet makes in the play, turning Laertes against him and leading to the death of both himself and Ophelia. Although Hamlet can be seen as unnaturally cruel many times throughout the play, he is not evil. Hamlet is simply trying to play the cards he has been dealt in life. Throughout Hamlet, Laertes is described as a very loyal and noble gentleman. Unfortunately for Laertes, he suffers the same fate as poor Hamlet. He loses his father and his sister, just as Hamlet loses his father and mother.Following his father's death, Laertes feels the need to kill to uphold his family's name. At first Laertes believes the murderer to be Claudius but when Claudius convinces him otherwise, Laertes shifts his attention towards Hamlet. In order to get Laertes to do this, Claudius manipulates him into thinking that Hamlet is the root of all evil and must be taken care of. Laertes agrees to d o so and even contributes his own ideas: I will do't. And for that purpose, I'll anoint my sword. I bought an unction of mountebank So mortal but dip a knife in it, Where it draws blood, no cataplasm so rare,Collected from all simples that have virtue Under the moon, can save the thing from death That is but scratch'd withal. I'll touch my point With this contagion, that if I gall him slightly, It may be death. (IV. vii. 139-148) Similarly to Hamlet, it is not evil that gets the best of Laertes, but his emotions. His anger and sadness cause him to react drastically and he makes decisions at a time where he is unable to think straight. Laertes later comes to realize this as he reflects upon his plan to kill Hamlet: And yet it is almost against my conscience. V. ii. 288) At this point in the play, it becomes evident that Laertes' â€Å"evil† is not of his own creation but of Claudius'. It is not only Laertes who realizes this but Hamlet as well, allowing the men to see the simi larities in their situations and apologize to one another: He is just serv'd. It is a poison temper'd by himself. Exchange forgiveness with me, noble Hamlet. Mine and my father's death come not upon thee, Nor thine on me. (V. ii. 321-325) Unlike Claudius, the men are forgiven for their sins and are able to die as heroes rather than villains.This final act of nobility is what truly defines the characters of Hamlet and Laertes, not their mishaps. William Shakespeare's Hamlet exemplifies how it is not what a character does but who a character is that determines whether they are truly evil or not. Nevertheless, that is not to say that the character's do not fall victim to temptation or evil. It is the way that they handle themselves once they have done so that allows spectators an insight into their true nature. As Hamlet says, â€Å"There is nothing either good or bad, but thinking it makes it so. † (II. ii. 245-246)

Dictators essays

Dictators essays I believe that the way that dictators come to power is by showing a lot of nationalism. As they try to come to power they get the people to think that they will bring the best to the country. Once they are in power they use the army to control the citizens, the army doesnt fight back because they are being paid well. That causes more people to join the army and eventually the nation is controlled by the dictator and its army. Some people might think it is good because the county is developing faster and is getting more territory. And they dont care that with that you bring a lot of death. Then there are the people that think that it is very wrong to do what they do but because they have no way to stop it because of lack of power, they just learn to live with it. Another way dictators come to power is, if they have a lot of money and they control the economy of the country. They use that to make the people cooperate. And in others they dictator or leader makes the people have a lot o f nationalism so the people want him to stay In power, to be able to bring more power to the country. And some times the people just dont know that that leader is going to become a dictator so they put him in power and when it is his time to leave he uses the army as his own body guards. ...