A Study of Space in Small Island and The Lonely Londoners - Literature Essay Samples

As a human there are certain rights we believe we have. It is not uncommon for one group to believe themselves superior to another, or for each group to believe they have certain rights and the other group to disagree. This was the case when large numbers of non-Caucasian individuals migrated to England from the Caribbean believing that the mother country was going to welcome them and supply them with more opportunities than they had at home on the islands. Some of these individuals had even helped to fight with England in WWII and were now to the country they had fought for. Others who made the trip had family that had made the move to England before them and they were now coming to meet them, believing that the transition would be smooth and a place to call their own would be waiting for them since another had somewhat paved the way for their arrival. With all these new arrivals came anger and frustration among the prior residents of London. They felt threatened and thought that th is group was intruding on their space. In both Small Island by Andrea Levy and The Lonely Londoners by Sam Selvon characters struggle to find the place in London where they will fit in, and spaces in which they will be welcomed and accepted. In this paper I will examine the importance of having a space to belong to, regardless of the colour of one’s skin, and will argue that while England may not have been ready to have a place for everyone upon arrival, those who made an effort could make space for themselves. There was a clear power struggle in England between the whites who were already residing in London, and the newcomers who were making the voyage in search of better lives. This struggle is greatly represented in a quote by George Lamming, ‘†¦imagine waking up one morning and discovering a stranger asleep on the sofa of your living room? You wake this person up and ask them â€Å"what are you doing here?† and the person replies â€Å"I belong here† ‘. The white population, who had already been residing in England, felt that there was a whole group of uninvited people who were now showing up and intruding on their space. No one had bothered to ask they native Englishmen how they would feel about these strangers making a place for themselves in the city and therefore felt the strangers had no right to what had been theirs. Meanwhile, the non-white individuals who made the journey did not see themselves as strangers; this was the motherland. Rather, they sa w themselves as welcomed to make a place for themselves and begin their lives anew. They were so sure they belonged on this sofa, which is a metaphor for England. Each group believing something different lead to raised tensions among them. Some of the native Englishmen saw the need to state their control over the strangers and the land they had come to make their own, making it clear that they did not belong in London. The native Englishmen wished to keep their space the same as it had been prior to the war and the mass movement of those of other ethnicities while the new arrivals were trying to make a place for themselves to live the life they had come to England in search for. In the novel Small Island by Andrea Levy there are many examples to reinforce the idea behind Lamming’s quote. The idea is that some individuals arriving in the country believed that England had a space waiting for them and they would be accepted with open arms, to sofa was theirs to sleep on. This is the case with Hortense who travels from Jamaica to England after her husband had made the journey a couple of months before. Prior to her arrival, Hortense had an image of England in her mind which included a big house with a door bell and being greeted at the docks by her husband Gilbert. Upon disembarking the ship there was no sign of her husband welcoming her, and she soon realised life in England would not live up to her expectations After struggling to communicate with the taxi driver and upon finally finding the house, her place in England, the welcome she received was less than warm. When the door was opened to reveal Hortense standing there, Queenie the owner of the house , was ‘puzzled’ to see this women waiting outside with a large luggage. Queenie was the individual waking up to see a stranger, Hortense, sleeping on her sofa. Queenie was mystified at the women standing there with her luggage and stating that she belonged in the house. Once all the confusion was cleared up Queenie told Hortense, ‘I hope you are not bringing anything into the house that will smell’. Queenie was actually not trying to be rude though, she was welcoming Hortense into her house and helping her make her own place in London. But at the same time, she did not want to be inconvenienced in her own home by the smell of something from Hortense’s home. So even though Hortense was welcomed, and even belonged in this house, she should not expect to make it completely hers. There were regulations set in place by the white, native Englishwoman that Hortense was expected to obey. While a large amount of native Englishmen represented in Small Island were not welcoming of the country’s new residents, others individuals were open and ready to welcome them and help them find their place like Queenie. Queenie opened up her home to rent out rooms to anyone who needed them including those of colour. Her relationship of those with colour offered them a safe space while in her presence and in the privacy of her house. Just because Queenie was accepting of coloured individuals did not mean others would tolerate it. Just by allowing coloured individuals to take up space in her house strained Queenie’s relationship with her neighbours who did not want their neighbourhood diminished. An example the conflict of having a space in private but not in public was when Gilbert accompanied Queenie to the movies. When he attempted to sit down next to Queenie in the theatre, the usherette stopped him and told Gilbert that he would have to sit in the back due to the co lour of his skin. Gilbert was shocked at this example of segregation stating that, ‘This is England†¦This is not America†¦I will sit anywhere I please’ referring to the Jim Crow Laws in place in the States. Gilbert thought he knew England as a space with no segregation, especially after being welcomed by Queenie, a white Englishwoman. But the events at the cinema showed that segregation was very much alive in England. Even though Queenie had no issue with making a place for Gilbert in the seat next to her, the theatre had designated his place to be in the back, separated from the white crowd and the white GIs who were seated in the front. Gilbert was the individual stating that he belonged there, in the seat next to Queenie, while the rest of the cinema saw him as an intruder in their space. Not only were there no segregation laws in England, but Gilbert was also a GI who was fighting to help England in the war. None of this mattered in the eyes of native Brit s though who were not willing to share their space with Gilbert’s type. They saw themselves as the rightful residents and therefor had the right to say they did not want to sit near an individual of colour. Both groups, the whites and the coloured, were fighting to define and protect their place in England at this time. While the newcomers were attempting to make a place for themselves that was next to, and equal to, the white population, the white natives were trying to keep their space separate and send a message saying that the colours were only visitors in their space. This struggle between the two groups was its own type of war being fought. As previously stated, the biggest struggle over ‘place’ in Small Island was between those who had already been residing in England and those who had just arrived. Bernard, Queenie’s husband, had been someone who had already been residing in England and upon returning from war believed he knew what would be waiting for him back home. But when he returned to his house Bernard was in for quite a surprise. While he was gone Queenie had rented out rooms in the house to anyone in need of a place which included multiple residents of colour. When Bernard answered a knock at the door he was not prepared to come face to face with Gilbert who asked Bernard, ‘Who are you?’ to which Bernard replied, ‘ â€Å"Who are you?† is more the question’. This was Bernard’s house and being asked this by Guibert, a guest, made Bernard feel like the uninvited and unwanted stranger. This meant that Bernard now had to state his dominance over the house and make it clear that this place was his. However, Gilbert believed the house was his place in England since he had been living in it for months. Bernard was now the one intruding on a structure that had been built. The conflict came to a head when Bernard asked all the residents to leave the house. But the residents had made a place for themselves in the house, and felt that since Bernard had been absent for so long, he had no right to the place and no right to tell them to leave. Both Bernard and Gilbert believed they had a place of their own in the house, only to have that idea challenged upon meeting each other. It was once again a struggle between a white and a coloured. Who’s place was it really and how would they decide? There is no exact answer to this conflict. Both individuals did have a right to the space, but neither would have been satisfied with coming to that agreement, so they instead found themselves in a hostile, uncomfortable environment that was now their England. While all new arrivals in England struggled at some point to find their place in the large city some were able to adjust better than others, like the characters in The Lonely Londoners. The characters in this novel each fought hard for a place and a space in the big city to call their own, and their dedication to this proved triumphant in the end. James Procter points out that in the opening of the novel, the narrator is on his way to pick up a new arrival in London and is describing the fog covering the city as ‘alienating territory’. This can be seen as how the newcomer will at first be experiencing London, as since he is new to the city he will not yet feel at home or know his way around. And as this is just the beginning of the book, readers are also newcomers to this narrator’s London. Procter then points out that the way in which London is described shifts as we see the city not as a newcomer, but as the narrator Moses. Procter states that, ‘This shift between alienation and belonging is most clearly articulated through the naming of the landscape’. Since Moses is not a stranger to the city and knows exactly where he is going and what he is doing, his descriptions are more detailed then the first description of London, and include the specific bus he rides and exactly where he is headed. These details cement the idea that Moses is not a newcomer and has mastered London in some way. Moses has found his place and become a Londoner and now he is attempting to help others to do the same. Procter emphasises how important the naming of locations in the novel is as it really represents the boys’ settlement in the city. When telling the newcomer that they are heading to where Moses lives, Moses refers to it himself as the Water but informs the new arrival, ‘Bayswater to you until you living in the city for at least two years,’. The slang is reserved for those who have worked for it, those who have successfully made a place for themselves in the city and those who the city has accepted. It seems characters in Small Island had more trouble making a place for themselves in London than the characters in The Lonely Londoners. I feel this is because characters in Small Island did not fight as hard for their place in England and rather expected it to be there for them. An example of this is the character Hortense, instead of trying to make her own place she attempted to fit in. She thought that by making one change to herself she would be accepted by the city. Hortense thought that she would gain respect and more if she talked in her accent that had, ‘†¦taken [her] to the top of the class in Miss Stuart’s English pronunciation competition,’. She did not realise that a change in her dialect would do little towards acceptance by the native Enlgishmen if she could not change the colour of her skin. Unlike Hortense, characters like Tanty in The Lonely Londoners decided that rather than change their ways to fit in, they were going to fight to create th eir own unique spaces. One example of Tanty making her own place is when she introduces the use of credit to some of the shops in London. Tanty was unhappy when a shopkeeper in London did not accept credit as a way of payment like they would back home in the islands. Instead of adjusting her way of living and making a small change to fit in to the already set up structure, she worked to change her surrounding to suit her. Tanty did not give the shopkeeper much of a choice when she took control and told him to write down her name and amount she owed him and that she would be back on Friday to pay. After keeping her word and shocking the owner, the shopkeeper began accepting credit as a way to run his business with all his customers, entirely thanks to Tanty working to make herself comfortable. She made a space for herself because she did not have to change her ways, and at the same time she was accepted by the shopkeeper. Instead of trying to fit into the pre-set structure of London, Tanty acted in reasonable ways that demanded attention and admiration. She was respected and accepted by the city and those who knew her. She created a space for herself in London which was similar to her space back home and this made her feel comfortable, confident, and like she almost entirely belonged in London. Even though she made her change on the shops in London, some things were to big and structured to change in a way suit her. This did not stop her from creating her space within them. Tanty felt she could not truly belong to the city until she mastered all its ways of transportation. While she was first uncomfortable by both the tube and the bus system, she gave both a try and felt triumphant after her successful journeys. Instead of expecting the city to accommodate her, she made the effort to respect what was already in place. So while it took effort and she couldnt change the transport system to her liking, Tanty did not give up simply because it intimidated her or confused her. Instead, she accepted that using these forms of mass transportation was a part of being a Londoner, and she embraced them. Tanty fought to make her place in the city. Wether it was changing something to suit her, or changing herself for the city, she did not give up or accept defeat. She was determined to b e comfortable in London and create her space in the city and she was rewarded. One of the most important spaces for the characters in Lonely Londoners was a private space that Moses was unknowingly creating. It was his room, which he had originally created as a space for himself, but ended up being a space for the boys he had become acquainted with. While each boy individually made spaces for themselves throughout London, Moses’ room was a place they kept being drawn back to. Just like they each had originally been strangers to London, they were also originally strangers to each other. But through their time spent in London they worked to create a place for themselves in which they would feel comfortable and which they could call their own. Moses’ basement is one of those places. The basement becomes a small place in London for just them where they could talk about anything, especially of their times and experiences in London. Their settlement of London is especially represented in this room through the boys language and descriptions. As Procter m entions the way the boys refer to location around London truly represents their settlement in the city and here in this room the boys are using nicknames and shorthand terms to refer to a London which has accepted them and made a space for them to live. This being one of the final spaces and scenes mentioned in the book really exhibits the progress the boys each made since arriving in London. Each character was able to come a long way from Moses having to share his space when they were new in London, to them visiting his room as a meeting place, but being able to leave it and return to their own places and spaces in London. It was clear that London was not ready to have a place to those who didn’t work for it, regardless of the colour of their skin. In both Small Island by Andrea Levy and The Lonely Londoners by Sam Selvon the characters must work to gain a place in the city rather than just expect it to be given to them. And while London was not kind to them all, making it seem for some impossible to find a space for themselves, those who worked hard and did not settle were rewarded in being able to call London their city and to have a place especially for them within it. Bibliography Lamming, George, ‘The Coldest Spring in Fifty Years’, Kunapipi 20: 1 (1998). Levy, Andrea. Small Island (London: Headline Publishing Group, 2004), pp.14-16. Procter, James ‘Dwelling Places: Postwar Black British Writing’ (Manchester University Press, 2003), p. 53. Selvon, Sam. The Lonely Londoners (London: Penguin Books, 2006), p.16.

Why Do People Come America For Corn Dogs - 1332 Words

Why do people come to America? For Corn Dogs? The Statue of Liberty? To be deported? If you were to ask someone who immigrated to America why they came they would not respond with any of those answers. People come to America for a chance at the â€Å"American Dream†, but what exactly is the â€Å"American Dream†? The American Dream is the belief that everyone has an equal opportunity to achieve success through hard work and determination. Through this there would be little to no class system permanently fixing someone to a definite status meaning it would allow the status of the person to move up or down freely. So if a poor person were to work hard enough they could move up and be rich essentially letting them live better lives. This idea appeals to immigrants and encourages them to come here to America. Immigrants come here to live better lives than the ones they had lived before, but is the American Dream all it is cut out to be? Does it exist or is it just a dream? In the theme of â€Å"The Jungle† written by Upton Sinclair he shows that the American Dream does not only exist but exists only to certain people. He uses his book to show the corruptness within the belief of the American Dream. Sinclair uses the struggle of an immigrant family to show the struggle of the working class desperately fighting to get a piece of the American Dream. He uses the troubles of the family to show the audience that through the existence of Capitalism and the belief in social Darwinism they are inShow MoreRelatedWhy Do People Come America? For Corn Dogs?1332 Words   |  6 Pages Why do people come to America? For Corn Dogs? The Statue of Liberty? To be deported? If you were to ask someone who immigrated to America why they came, they would not respond with any of those answers. People come to America for a chance at the â€Å"American Dream†, but what exactly is the â€Å"American Dream†? The American Dream is the belief that everyone ha s an equal opportunity to achieve success through hard work and determination. Through this, there would be little to no class system permanentlyRead MoreBenefits Of Genetically Modified Food967 Words   |  4 PagesA genetically modified food is food that was made using organisms that were genetically modified as well. What the engineers do is take certain traits that they like from each crop and transfer them to another to get their desired food. There is a company called Arctic Apples which uses biotechnology to identify certain genes that, when mixed with polyphenolics, turns the apples brown. When they identify it, they remove the genes that cause it and the apples don’t go brown. This is one of many geneticallyRead MoreGenetically And Genetically Modified Organisms1447 Words   |  6 Pagesmodern society shifts towards healthier alternatives to french fries and hot dogs, practices in the food industry that were once acceptable have begun to come under public scrutiny. Out of these issues, none are more controversial than the use of GMOs, or Genetically Modified Organisms. Since its first use in 1973, genetic modification has been applied to almost every crop imaginable. Countless fields of beans, rice, and corn have become subject to genetic modification as more and more farmers beginRead MoreMy Experience As Mexican American1490 Words   |  6 Pagessay you are what you eat. In other words, the average diet affects the body in numerous forms. Most of the time, people eat according to their customs and culture. In my experience as Mexican American, realize my culture does not have a healthy diet. My culture cook different foods with corn, lard and flour. Corn and flour is utilized to make a variety of foods. My culture uses corn or flour for meals on a daily basis, some of the greatest unhealthy ingredients on the food charts. FurthermoreRead MoreBenefits Of Genetically Modified Organisms1559 Words   |  7 Pagesthis is corn. It grows naturally in North America. However, if you take a trip to any western European countryside and you will find fields upon fields of corn. Humans have modified corn to be able to grow in Europe. They modified it without scientist and without high tech equipment. Not only have humans been cultivating genetically modified organisms for years, they are also not as dangerous as society makes them out to be. In fact, there are many benefits to GMOs including vaccines that do not requireRead MoreThe Repulsive Truth Behind School Lunches Essay1514 Words   |  7 Pagesrooms are essentially fast food restaurants; they unload shipments of frozen food then heat it up in glorified microwaves and serve it hot and ready. This is the same basic principle of fast food restaurants and people all know how terribly unhealthy fast food is for them. St ill America feeds this toxic material to kids every day. This has been a tremendous issue for years but it is more devastating now than ever before. The CDC has stated that children born in the year 2000, those fourteen yearRead MoreLiving Conditions, Diet And Reproduction Is Not The Only Problems Associated With Commercial Farming897 Words   |  4 Pagesconditions, diet and reproduction is not the only problems associated with commercial farming. Hamburgers and hot dogs these are American foods but how does it get there on our plate. Do people know how the animals are slaughtered or do they even care. Slaughter this means killing of animals for human consumption. When it comes to the slaughtering of animals I think the majority of people don’t care that the animals are being killed to be eaten. The thing that causes the controversy is how are theyRead MoreHuman Health And The Environment : Gmos1668 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction: What is the issue? What is a GMO? If you were to ask your average person on the street, they would probably tell you that they know they’re bad, but don’t know what they are. Many people know it has something to do with â€Å"genetics† or â€Å"modification,† but what sort of genetics? And how or why are these things being modified? Put simply, GMO is an acronym for Genetically Modified Organism. GMO and genetically engineered organism are frequently used synonymously. According to the Non-GMORead MoreImmigration Reform Of The United States1245 Words   |  5 Pageson American society. There is no doubt that immigration has been extremely beneficial for American society; almost all people here are immigrants; however, some who oppose comprehensive immigration reform would argue that at this point in American society it is more beneficial for our economy to limit immigration and allow our economy to flourish by using the people who are already here; however, many economists would say that this is simply not true. Doug Bandow, a writer for Forbes, a leadingRead More The Great Ireland Potato Famine Effects Essay1788 Words   |  8 Pagesof Ireland. Many of the traditional ways of economics and society changed drastically because of the famine. Many people also blamed the British for letting the famine get so bad. These effects will be discussed throughout the paper. Starvation was one of the main effects of the Great Potato Famine, which was â€Å"unlike other subsistence crises† (Crawford, 114). The Irish people were very dependant on potatoes as a source of food. â€Å"The majority of the Irish peasants did not have access to the

15 Quotes for a Best Man Wedding Toast

If you have been asked to be the best man at a wedding, you have a wide variety of responsibilities. Some of them (like planning and attending a bachelor party)Â  are a lot of fun; others (like handling the rings) can be tricky. Perhaps the most intimidating of all your tasks will be the ritual of raising a best man wedding toast to the couple. It is said that fortune favors the brave. So instead of thinking up creative excuses to give the legendary best man wedding toast a slip, why not use a few of the following quotes to let the best man win? 15 Fun, Funny, and Sincere Quotes to Use in Your Best Man Wedding Toast As you choose quotes, be sure they really reflect your relationship with the happy couple and their personalities. Will they enjoy fun or funny quotes? Or are they more likely to appreciate a sincere and caring message? The quote you choose can set the tone for your toast. AnonymousIts not as great a day for the bride as she thinks. Shes not marrying the best man. Robert FrostIts a funny thing that when a man hasnt anything on earth to worry about, he goes off and gets married. Allan K. ChalmersThe grand essentials of happiness are: something to do, something to love, and something to hope for. Diane SolleeAny fool can have a trophy wife. It takes a real man to have a trophy marriage. Timothy Titcomb, J. G. HollandThe most precious possession that ever comes to a man in this world is a womans heart. David LevesqueYou know you are in love when you see the world in her eyes, and her eyes everywhere in the world. Rabindranath TagoreHe who wants to do good, knocks at the gate: he who loves finds the door open. Michel de MontaigneMarriage is like a cage; one sees the birds outside desperate to get in, and those inside equally desperate to get out. Brendan FrancisA man is already halfway in love with any woman who listens to him. Mark TwainAfter all these years, I see that I was mistaken about Eve in the beginning; it is better to live outside the Garden with her than inside it without her. Ronald ReaganThere is no greater happiness for a man than approaching a door at the end of a day, knowing someone on the other side of that door is waiting for the sound of his footsteps. Saint AugustineInsomuch as love grows in you, so beauty grows. For love is the beauty of the soul. Antoine de Saint-ExuperyLove does not consist in gazing at each other, but in looking outward together in the same direction. SophoclesOne word frees us of all the weight and pain of life: That word is love. Emily BronteWhatever our souls are made of, his and mine are the same.

Analysis Of River Out Of Eden And The Art Of War

It is difficult to argue whether strategy is an art form or science because it can actually be both. Sun Tzu’s text, â€Å"The Art of War† is an example of an ancient humanism text about strategies of war. Humanism by definition is, â€Å"an outlook or system of thought attaching prime importance to human rather than divine or supernatural matters. Humanist beliefs stress the potential value and goodness of human beings, emphasize common human needs, and seek solely rational ways of solving human problems†(Dictionary.com). Therefore, humanism is much like philosophy which is related to science yet influenced by the skill of art. Thomas Cleary starts off the text with a quote from â€Å"The Book of Balance and Harmony† which states, â€Å"To know after seeing is not worthy of being called knowing†(qtd. in Cleary, xv-xvi), but since Sun Tzu’s teachings are philosophical the text renders itself as war knowledge. In â€Å"River Out of Eden: A D arwinian View of Life†, author and biologist Richard Dawkins would greatly disagree with Cleary’s quote because Dawkins believes that, â€Å"Scientific beliefs are supported by evidence, and they get results†(Dawkins 33). According to Dawkins, Darwinism has the power to explain natural occurrences in the universe and his mission is to disprove supernatural views of creation and the world with observable scientific knowledge. Although, military strategies are intuitive there are also observable scientific aspects to the art of war which follow the scientific method.Show MoreRelatedEssay on Altruism: Our Desire to Help Others2507 Words   |  11 Pagessurvival of the fittest, calculates that humans basic goal and reason of life is to survive, and reproduce; to have only ones self in mind. But why then, if natural selection filters us down to survival of the fittest, might one creature stick its neck out for another? Regardless of Darwin’s theory, we have evolved into a species in which our fundamentals are ‘good’ in nature; significantly outweighing our instinct of selfish survival. Over the years, science has been able to put the human selfish instinctRead MoreLiterary Criticism : The Free Encyclopedia 7351 Words   |  30 Pagesup or coming of age of a sensitive person who goes in search of answers to life s questions with the expectation that these will result from gaining experience of the world. The genre evolved from folklore tales of a dunce or youngest son going out in the world to seek his fortune. Usually in the beginning of the story there is an emotional loss which makes the protagonist leave on his journey. In a Bildungsroman, the goal is maturity, and the protagonist achieves it gradually and with difficultyRead More Columbus and the New World Discovery Essay4487 Words   |  18 Pagesservices to mankind, all political, religious and social differences have vanished. How things changed in a century! Political, religious, and social differences, far from vanishing, place Columbus today in the center of a world-wide cultural civil war. The great hero of the nineteenth century seems well on the way to becoming the great villain of the twenty-first. Columbus, it is now charged, far from being the pioneer of progress and enlightenment, was in fact the pioneer of oppression, racism,Read MoreAlternative Dispute Resolution Mechanism21967 Words   |  88 Pagesup with innovative and creative ideas to resolve them. Dealing with conflicts – â€Å"conflict management,† or â€Å"conflict resolution† as it has come to be called in professional circles – is as old as humanity itself. Stories of handling conflicts and the art of managing them are told at length throughout the history of every nation and ethnic group who share the same history. Conflicts have been recorded from the very early days of humankind. We find in The Bible an d similar religious and historical documentsRead MorePlanned Approach to Change11990 Words   |  48 PagesThe article concludes by arguing that rather than being outdated or redundant, Lewin’s approach is still relevant to the modern world. INTRODUCTION Freud the clinician and Lewin the experimentalist – these are the two men whose names will stand out before all others in the history of our psychological era. The above quotation is taken from Edward C Tolman’s memorial address for Kurt Lewin delivered at the 1947 Convention of the American Psychological Association (quoted in Marrow, 1969, pRead MoreHow to Write a Research Paper11497 Words   |  46 PagesAmerican steel industry has many problems. Narrow: The primary problem of the American steel industry is the lack of funds to renovate outdated plants and equipment. A thesis statement is specific rather than vague or general. Vague: Hemingway s war stories are very good. 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The Vedas were the foundation for Hinduism, describing deities, and hymns to praise these deities, and were basicallyRead MoreFrankenstein Study Guide14107 Words   |  57 PagesResponding Responding to Frankenstein Related Reading Blackline Masters Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein by Roger Ebert A Frankenstein Monster Ended Up Being a Lamb by Ed Regis A New Life by Ramsey Campbell The Golem by Isaac Bashevis Singer . . . That Thou Art Mindful of Him by Isaac Asimov Test About the Work Frankenstein by Mary Shelley In Mary Shelley’s 1818 novel Frankenstein, a young scientist brings on his own destruction by constructing an artificial man and bringing it to life. Through the charactersRead MoreEudora Welty a Worn Path12166 Words   |  49 Pageswoman named Phoenix Jackson is making her way, slowly but surely, through the woods, tapping an umbrella on the ground in front of her as she walks. Her shoes are untied. While she taps along, she talks to the animals in the woods, telling them to keep out of her way. As the path goes up a hill, she complains about how difficult walking becomes. It becomes evident that she has made this journey many times before; she is familiar with all the twists and turns in the trail. She talks aimlessly to herselfRead MoreEudora Welty a Worn Path12173 Words   |  49 Pageswoman named Phoenix Jackson is making her way, slowly but surely, through the woods, tapping an umbrella on the ground in front of her as she walks. Her shoes are untied. While she taps al ong, she talks to the animals in the woods, telling them to keep out of her way. As the path goes up a hill, she complains about how difficult walking becomes. It becomes evident that she has made this journey many times before; she is familiar with all the twists and turns in the trail. She talks aimlessly to herself

Should Immigration Be Legal Or Not - 2495 Words

Devon Tseng 5/25/16 Draft 2 Research Paper Introduction Immigration, whether legal or not, plays a huge role in the well-being of this country, both economically and culturally. The Migration Policy Institute has compiled information on immigrant populations, both legal and unauthorized, which clearly show that immigration is an issue that cannot be overlooked, and is something that we, as a nation, have to deal with together. There are many stances on illegal immigration, which appear in the news and media often. There are some groups of people that do not like immigrants, and want to see them go. On the other side of the immigration debate, we have groups of people that want to offer all undocumented immigrants citizenship. And in the middle, we have people who seek to keep some undocumented immigrants while deporting others. In this paper I will analyze and provide some insight on what policies could be provided to deal with undocumented immigrants in this country. Review of the Literature In this paper, I write about the different potential methods that might be used to approach the undocumented immigration problem in the United States. There are many stances and opinions regarding undocumented immigrants, and there is no â€Å"one size fits all† solution to tackle such a massive issue. Therefore, I’ve gathered many different sources to get a broad view of the immigration debate and many different potential solutions that would help to deal with this issue. First, itShow MoreRelatedShould Immigration Be Legal Or Illegal?1701 Words   |  7 PagesThe Topic of Immigration is certainly a complex and touchy subject. Moreover, that of Illegal Immigration is vehemently controversial. However, when it comes to exercising judgment on the subject and formulating a stance there are de facto only two approaches: a sentimental optimistic approach or a business like realistic approach. According to an article by Immigration specialist Charle s Hirschman the general optimistic assertion is that Immigration be it legal or illegal strengthens American societyRead MoreLegal Immigration Should Not Be Punished Than Native Born Citizens2484 Words   |  10 PagesResearch suggests that legal immigrants commit less crime than native-born citizens, but despite this evidence there are discrepancies in how the criminal justice system punishes both groups, leaving legal immigrants to be punished more severely than native-born citizens. Many believe that legal immigrants, particularly minority groups, are not only a threat to society, but they are said to increase crime in the United States (Wang, 2012). Research by D. Sohoni and T. Sohoni (2013) revealed thatRead MoreAmerica Needs Immigration Reform Essay1034 Words   |  5 PagesImmigration reduction refers to a movement in the United States that advocates a reduction in the amount of immigration allowed into the country. 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Wto and Gatt free essay sample

General Agreement for Trade and Tariff, which is considered as the first step towards the formation of a common platform for international trade, came into existence with effect from 1st Jan 1948, and remained till December 1994. In 1994, at Uruguay Round of GATT negotiations, it was decided to set up a permanent institution for looking after the promotion of free and fair trade amongst nations. Consequence to this decision, the GATT was transformed into World Trade Organisation (WTO) with effect from 1st Jan 1995. The Head Quarters of WTO is situated in Geneva, Switzerland. WTO is a powerful successor of GATT and a permanent organisation created by an international Treaty ratified by Government of member states which governs trade not only in goods but also in services and intellectual property rights. IT has a member driven rule – based organisation in which decisions are taken by the member government on general consensus. It has global status as World Bank and IMF being the principal international body concerned with solving trade problems. We will write a custom essay sample on Wto and Gatt or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As on 11th December 2005, there are 149 nations as members of WTO. Objectives of WTO WTO objectives are based on the idea of sustainable development in relation to the optimal use of world’s resources so as to ensure protection and preservation of the environment. The major objectives of WTO are as follows: 1. To ensure reduction of tariffs and other trade barriers imposed by different countries. 2. To engage in such activities which improve the standard of living, create employment, increase income and effective demand and facilitate higher production and trade. 3. To facilitate the optimal use of the world’s resources for sustainable development. . To promote an integrated, more viable and durable trading system. Functions of WTO ? ? ? ? ? To promote an environment that is encouraging to its member countries to come forward to WTO in mitigating their grievances. To lay down a commonly accepted code of conduct to reduce the trade barriers including tariffs and to eliminate discriminations in international trade. To act as a dispute se ttlement body. To ensure that all the rules and regulations prescribed in the Act are followed by member countries for the settlement of disputes. To hold consultations with IMF and IBRD (International Bank for Reconstruction and Development) and its affiliated agencies to have better understanding and cooperation in global economic policy making. To supervise the operations of the revised Agreements and Ministered declarations relating to goods, services and Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). ? Benefits of WTO Since 1995, WTO has been constituting the legal and institutional foundation for today’s multilateral trading system. Major benefits of WTO are as follows: ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? WTO helps to promote international peace and facilitate international business. WTO helps to settle all the disputes between member nations with mutual consultations. WTO’s rules make international trade and relations very smooth and predictable. WTO helps to improve the living standards of people by increasing the income level through free trade. Helps to provide ample scope of getting varieties of qualitative products through free trade. Economic growth has been fastened because of free trade. WTO encourages good government. WTO helps to foster growth of developing countries through special and preferential treatment in trade related matters.

Module a Comparative Study of Texts and Context free essay sample

Module a: Comparative Study of Texts and Context BY dant12 Module A: Comparative Study of Texts and Context Elective 1: Exploring connections Connections between texts open up new meanings of texts. What is your view? Context changes due to audience, writers and time; though it still has the effect of influencing perspectives and creating/ reshaping meaning. Through the context, us as readers are able to establish an understanding of the time period, the writer and the purpose of the text. Through the exploration of both contexts relationships are established to enrich and illuminate connections on the unchanging nature and niversality of certain values, ideas and language forms, also highlighting through implicit or explicit means relationships, writing and societal changes. Connections are made between the text that explore and develop new meanings. Thus considering the nature of connection between Pride and Prejudice- Jane Austen and Letters to Alice on First Ready Jane Austen- Fay Weldon can elucidate ones understanding and perception. Between these two texts there are many direct and explicit references that draw superficial connections, both are written by female composers, both deal with family relationships and issues of social standards, both xplore the role of letters. However it is the implicit relationships that create deeper connections that hold a greater value effectively opening up and developing new meanings, through the characters and context. Marriage and relationships- the need for love and affection as well as wealth and security in order to bring happiness and fulfilment. The intrinsic need for deep and meaningful relationships is examined by both authors as well as for financial security in order to provide happiness and fulfilment. Austen heavily conveys her ideas of the importance of love and security in elationships in order to bring happiness- contradicting the attitudes of her time. The context at the time creates an understanding about what is read, this being that 18th century women, being lower in society had to marry in order to have wealth and security. Austen displays the need for not only genuine respect and affection, but also balanced matches and security through the development of character relationships. Elizabeths strong sense.. of her own worth enables this idea to be conveyed as she naturally looks for the happiness in the marriage state. Elizabeths ejection to Collins persistent proposals is a prime example of both Elizabeths autonomous character and also the value Austen places on true affection and happiness in relationships. Elizabeth insists, l am not one of those ladies Who are so daring to risk their happiness you could not make me happy and I am convinced that I would not make you so, Austen highlights that whilst love should be involved it should not succeed over sensible and logical behaviour. Working in conjunction with Austen, Weldons letters to Alice stresses the importance of both relationships and arriage to bring happiness and security, as it is still a concern for women. Underpinning Weldons stance on her values is her feminist attitude as a post 1970s teminist writer. The authorial intrusion and didacticism sne manipulates through Aunt Fay demonstrates her belief in female equality and independence. Although Weldon shares this value with Austen, Weldon believes that marriage is not only way to power. She draws a parallel with unsatisfactory marriages that Austen revealed and modern day marriages of bought Asian brides, that marriage in order to survive is considered no better than slavery. Weldon downgrades the role Austen places on wealth in relationships, with less emphasis on income compatibility as a critical factor to marriage, but supports the notion of marriage for love and relationships based on affection When looking at Fay Weldon in Letters to Alice we see the broken relationship Fay Has with her sister and also how she is willing to plead to amend it. Throughout letter six letter to a sister the use of a instead of my in the title indicates that they are sisters though, this is not recognised or addressed; also the formal tone in which Fay addresses Enid , creates another disconnected feeling for he audience, we acknowledge that Fay wishes to repair the relationship It is time we patch up this quarrel the reinforcing impersonal, formal tone emphasises that this is truth the line being very direct and informative showing that Fay intends the argument to be predetermined. The push to reconnect with Fays sister gives a sense of the context; showing that Fay does not gain wealth or satisfaction in a man but through her relationships with family and her own independence this in itself shows the different context though still the importance of relationship in any time period. In both texts we are able to see the different characteristics of characters through relationships that they establish. We also see a connection between the character Fay Weldon and Elizabeth Bennet; both determined people who hold value in own independence and relationships for satisfaction Success that comes from pride, self- worth, independence and social class, both texts share the belief that society demands conformity that comprises and inhibits your true self. The value Jane Austen places on the autonomy of women is tempered with a warning against being too proud. She is openly supportive of Elizabeth, a young women with a strong sense of her own worth as an individual, who rebels against social conventions of a patriarchal society, despite the narrowness and rigid conventions the protagonist possesses independence of mind. In challenging the stereotypical ideal woman her self-confidence enables her to act on her beliefs, fearlessly voicing her opinions and criticising behaviour she believes is arrogant and proud unperturbed but the judgement of others. Drawing a connection with Weldons protagonist Aunt Fay a liberal, freethinking spirit who explains the importance of independence in the omplexities of the writing process and the relationship between composer, critics and audience through the extended metaphor of the city of invention. Fay emphasises the value of independence when she encourages her niece, Alice to show your work to no one. She teaches the importance of self-worth and Judgement as being more relevant than other opinions, the epistolary nature enables the strong communication of ideas and beliefs to be widely regarded. Weldon believes those who choose to ignore the rules governed by society often succeed. Alice ironically onfirms the belief as she chooses not to listen to Fays advice and consequently produces a top selling novel. However like Austen, Weldon subtly warns about excessive pride and independence that social conventions can be excessive and ridiculous and should not intertere with common sense and moral righteousness. Austen highlights her point of view by deliberately Juxtaposing Jane and Elizabeth and in doing so warns the reader of the dangers of conforming to expectations, rather than being true to yourself. Elizabeths independence blinds her to the unexpected affection between Darcy and herself with the use of dramatic irony to ighlight the issue, she allows her initial opinion of Darcy to be shaped by the communities perception that he is ate up with pride. Like Austen, Weldon values independence, self-worth and personal Judgement over following social conventions. The use of writing as a form of expression highlights the contrasting contexts of the time, both authors work in conjunction with their societal conventions to reflect certain attitude beliefs and values. Weldon express her personality through her work, projected by snippets of autobiographies and the apparent ventriloquism of her omniscient first-person narratives. Writing is more than Just the making of a series of comprehensible statements: It is the gathering in of connotations; harvesting of them, like blackberries in a good season, ripe and heavy, snatched from among the thorns of logic. Weldons expression is evident in her use of language forms and features. The frequent use of extended metaphors; the city of invention allows the readers to easily grasp the ideas being present. Weldons context is shown through her writing; the 80s were a time of excess which was mirrored through an individuals lifestyle, where possessions were readily accessible. Reflecting through Weldons writing the extensive use of language forms and features is used almost to bring credibility to her works. In contrast Weldon helps to deconstruct the writing process of Austen, Weldon uses epistolary form to compliment Austen showing that the form is universal and can be manipulated to suit different contexts. Letters create a sense of realism and are sued to drive the novel as a plot device to reveal characters, avoiding the use of a single, explicitly didactic, authorial voice. For Austen epistolary form was a way of personal expression, her concise word-choice, timing and tonal uance typifies her masterful handling of dialogue, representing the polite social context she represents so well. Austens periodic sentence forms and precise expression rather than abrasive rhetorical density shown through Weldons writing contrasts the societal expectations. The effect of examination into the societal, cultural and historical contexts in both texts allows for a further informed understanding of the texts values and attitudes. Weldons Letters to Alice is enriched by Austens Pride and Prejudice therefore through critical study one can establish an informed perception on the basis of context.